Tuesday, March 08, 2022

Ukraine and beyond

Like a lot of folks, I wasn't sure that Russia would actually invade Ukraine, and if they did, I figured they'd occupy the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics and call it a day. I, and all those other people, were terribly wrong. As I write this, Russia is slowly, but maybe not so surely, pounding Ukrainian cities into dust, presumably hoping to achieve its grotesque, nationalist goal of conquest before its supply lines run dry and/or its economy collapses. 

I'm no expert on anything, especially Russia, Ukraine, or Eastern Europe in general, so I'm not going to opine at length about the origins of this war. I will say that I've been incredibly disappointed by the responses offered by many American leftists, including the DSA International Committee, which is clearly caught up in some lazy-ass thinking about imperialism. I'm not even that pleased with the National Writers Union statement, but at least that emphasized that arms dealers are the real winners of this war, no matter the outcome. There are plenty of thoughtful responses from the left as well, many of them coming from Eastern Europe, so it's not shamefully rigid thinking across the board, but I bring the issue up because it's embarrassing to see people more concerned about, say, abolishing NATO than starting from a point of self-determination (and self-defense) and acknowledging agency for places like Ukraine. I don't have to be an expert on foreign affairs or Eastern Europe to understand that people and nations (whatever you may think of nation-states as a concept, or particular states) aren't pawns for imperial powers, to be pushed around a sphere of influence-shaped chessboard. They deserve to be engaged with on their own terms, and determine their own futures.

I think this is important because this war—beyond the awful suffering it's inflicting on so many—seems qualitatively different than a lot of the conflicts we've seen in the past decade or so. Not only because it threatens a wider war in Europe, and presents the first serious threat of nuclear war since I was a kid, but because a sclerotic, tottering imperial power has decided to take one last shot at glory and appears to have overplayed its hand. Sure, Russia is likely to prevail in one sense or another, but it'll come at a punishing cost. It already appears that Russia is lurching towards becoming a Chinese client state, and has clamped down hard on any internal dissent. Whether that state of affairs holds, or something happens and the Russian state is toppled (to be replaced by who knows what), there's a palpable sense that the old global order is being rearranged in ways nobody can really foresee. Russia, the United States, The European Union, China— all of these entities will keep treating their internal minorities and less powerful neighboring (and not-so-neighboring) states horribly while ignoring the climate catastrophe and pursuing untenable (supra)national agendas. The multipolar world some think is coming into being won't be much of an improvement on US hegemony, or the older bipolar world of the Cold War. And there's no coherent, flexible approach to any of this coming from the left, which means the right-wingers get to keep controlling the narrative and driving us off a cliff. Everyone—not just the left—is stuck in old modes of thinking, yours truly included, and it seems like we'll be theorizing the literal death throes of the human world using hollow language up until the very end.

But you know what? I could be utterly wrong. Hell, I probably am. Maybe this is one of those events that turns out to be a link in a long, subtle chain that leads to fundamental changes in how the world works. I'm not holding my breath for an optimistic outcome, but I'm also not ruling one out, at least in the long term. There's always the possibility of renewal and revival, because the only constant is change.

Fuck, though. It's absolutely heartbreaking to think that whatever shape the future takes, it's being forged right now in a crucible fueled by human corpses. I don't even want to think about what it'll mean if nuclear weapons are used. Humanity has never come to terms with what it unleashed at Trinity, and if nukes are used again, we may never get the chance.

Maybe I'll have more coherent thoughts soon. Maybe I'll just go back to annotating the Thousand Character Classic. Either way, I'm going to help the people of Ukraine as best I can, and try to stay as even-keeled as possible as I navigate this blood-soaked, mutant world of ours. 生死大事, indeed.



 


Monday, February 21, 2022

千字文 / The Thousand Character Classic, part 31

 遐迩一體

 xiá ěr yī tǐ

"those near and far treated as a whole"


This one's pretty straightforward. 體 can mean body, as in modern Chinese 身體, or per Kroll, also limb or element, or substance or essential being. Thus "one body," or "a whole." I remain dubious about imperial claims to such uniformity of treatment, but better that some effort is made towards treating all subjects of the empire as equals rather than relegating conquered peoples to second-class status, or worse.


微臣
史大偉


Friday, February 18, 2022

Links 2.18.2022: Setenta e Quatro, Texas journalism, Lina Hidalgo, Native American black metal

Olá, amigos. Time for another round of links to good shit.

Para quem lê português, o jornalismo do novo fonte Setenta e Quatro merece atenção. 

Anyone interested in getting a better look at the deeply weird, quite lovely, and insanely fucked-up state I call home should read the Texas Observer, the Texas Tribune, and the Texas Signal

Speaking of Texas, Lina Hidalgo has been overseeing Harris County since 2018, and has been a model of professional competence and steely resolve the whole time. For some fucking reason (cough, corruption and cronyism, cough), she has a bunch of Democratic challengers in this year's primary, which is nuts. You'd think that getting behind a young, effective immigrant woman would be a no-brainer, but apparently local Democrats would rather throw their lot in with cop unions and the unspoken preferences of officials who profit from county contracts. Lina Hidalgo is the only Harris County Commissioner who doesn't take money from contractors. That alone would be a reason to vote for her if she hadn't, you know, gotten us through the pandemic and 2021 freeze better than most officials in similar positions. (And if you're voting for Lina Hidalgo, make sure to vote for Molly Cook while you're at it.)

My brother's former bandmate recently turned me on to Black Braid, a one-man Native American black metal outfit from the Adirondacks. Naturally, this led to further research into that particular field, and the results are promising. Mutilated Tyrant and Parábola are from the Navajo Nation, while Lionoka represents the Yaqui people (and, according to the Metal Archives, runs Grey Matter Productions). Each band has its own sound, ranging from fairly orthodox black metal to longer, more ritual-tinged work, and I'm glad to see the continued growth of black metal far beyond its mostly Scandinavian roots. 

Catch y'all later.

DAS

 

Monday, February 14, 2022

千字文 / The Thousand Character Classic, part 30

臣伏戎羌

chén fú róng qiāng

"The western tribes were subjugated"

 

I made that remark about wars of pacification in my last post without reading this line, believe it or not. Here we have a reference to the seemingly endless conflict between the Han and, well, everyone north and west of them. 戎 Rong is a catch-all term for non-Han "barbarians" to the west, and 羌 Qiang, according to Kroll's dictionary, is an "ancient name for proto-Tibetan peoples who migrated south from the Kokonor region."

You might recognize 臣 from my sign-off in Chinese: 微臣, "your humble servant."


微臣
史大偉

 

Monday, February 07, 2022

千字文 / The Thousand Character Classic, part 29

 愛育黎首

ài yù lí shǒu

"they loved and nurtured the black-haired ones"

 

The "black-haired ones" are obviously the Chinese people, but who exactly the "Chinese people" are is a much larger question. Usually, what's thought of as "Chinese" is the 漢 Han ethnic group, China's largest at over 90% of the population of the People's Republic; however, there are 55 other ethnic groups in China, and even among the Han, there are myriad languages (or 方言 'topolects', as they're sometimes known, since they're not exactly dialects) associated with different Han sub-groups around the country, groups that could be considered ethnic groups in their own right.

That level of complexity aside (and it could be made even more complex by considering north/south divisions, among other things), I mention this because in modern Chinese 黎 can refer to the Hlai people of Hainan island, who constitute a distinct ethnic group; it can also mean (as it does in classical Chinese) "multitude" or "numerous," which serves more or less the same purpose as "black-haired" does here.

Ultimately, whether 黎首 deals specifically with the Han, or with all of the ethnic groups that have been folded into China through a couple thousand years of imperial expansion and assimilation, what we're supposed to take away from this line is that they were all looked after by their slack-sleeved, beneficent rulers. Never mind that that almost undoubtedly involved some wars of pacification along the way.


微臣
史大偉




 

Friday, February 04, 2022

千字文 / The Thousand Character Classic, part 28

垂拱平章

chuí gǒng píng zhāng

"with hanging sleeves and clasped hands, everything in order"


Another compressed image, but once I learned what was 垂-ing, or hanging, it made sense. I used "sleeves" here, but anything related to clothing would work, since the image is that of rulers unperturbed enough that they need only sit back with their hands folded over their chest and things will run smoothly. This picture of effortlessly benevolent rulers—all of whom existed in the glorious past, of course—is a constant feature in Chinese history. The development of the civil service exams and the bureaucracy indicates to me that Chinese thinking on governance and leadership wasn't entirely mired in this kind of nostalgia, even as nods to the near-perfect rulers of the past remained a necessary gesture up until the end of the imperial system. It's not much different than, say, American fetishization of the Founding Fathers; cultures and the states that emerge from them love having a golden age to pine for, since it allows existing problems (or "problems") to be ignored, or the fault of modern degeneracy, or some other group. I find this sort of conservatism ridiculously idealistic at best and deeply pernicious at worst.

平章 is an interesting phrase. Kroll mentions that, when 平 is pronounced pian instead of ping, 平章 is a phrase that means to "differentiate and mark out the merits of officials, as sage-king Yao 堯 is reputed to have done," and that 平章事 (with 平 pronounced ping again) was a title used by a certain kind of official in the 尚書省 Bureau of State Affairs during the Tang dynasty.




Friday, January 28, 2022

Interviewed!

It's not the first time I've talked to interviewers, journalists, or panels, but it's the first time I've done so and been sent a direct link to the footage by the interviewer. Who, not so incidentally, is the one and only Frederick Noronha, tireless journalist, chronicler of literally all things Goan, and head of Goa 1556, the publisher that put out my translations of O Signo da Ira, Leonor Figueiredo's bio of Sita Valles, and the collected Portuguese poems of Laxmanrao Sardessai.

The video quality's kinda weird—it was fine during the interview—but you can still hear me talk about translation, what remains of the Goan literary corpus, and other stuff. Enjoy!


Wednesday, January 26, 2022

千字文 / The Thousand Character Classic, part 27

坐朝問道

zuò cháo wèn dào

"Sitting in court, asking about the Way" 


Asking others, presumably one's ministers and advisors, about how to govern seems like a reasonably imperial or kingly thing to do. Better than taking only one's own counsel, at least.

道, "the Way," is the same character used for 道教 Daoism, where its meanings are no less numerous than they are in other aspects of Chinese culture. Here, the Way in question is the way of governance, which our two rulers from the previous line must have grasped fairly firmly, if their reputation is any proof. I'd be curious to know who their ministers were, since they're the ones who provided the rulers with answers. Maybe they weren't ministers at all; maybe they were wandering sages, or the rulers' friends, wives, concubines. Whoever they were, their advice left its mark.

We'll see what that advice was, or at least how it was put to use, in the next line.


微臣
史大偉


Tuesday, January 25, 2022

Links 1.25.2022 — Molly Cook, Weird Studies, Peace Labor May, Tokozenji, SHWEP

Hey, folks. I thought I'd post some links to people and things that have been occupying my mindspace as of late.

In no particular order:

Tokozenji is a Rinzai Zen temple in Yokohama, Japan, that offers zazen via Zoom twice a month, with instructions and brief dharma talks in Japanese and English. I've joined both January meetings, and it's a very worthwhile experience. 

Peace Labor May is a Marxist vlogger and writer from Kazakhstan whose work I discovered last month. I like her open, honest approach to things a lot. She's one of the few voices I've heard directly from Kazakhstan in the wake of the unrest there earlier this month.

I met Molly Cook at the end of December, not long after she'd filed to run in the Democratic primary against John "prisoners don't deserve air conditioning" Whitmire for Texas Senate district 15. Whitmire, who wants to be mayor of Houston, figures he'll run that campaign while also serving as state senator for the 40th year in a row. To which I say: fuck you, man, way to disregard your constituents. Molly, on the other hand, is an ER nurse, DSA member, and tireless community organizer. Read an interview with her here in the Texas Signal.

Weird Studies is a podcast about, well, weirdness. Wide-ranging, entertaining, deeply knowledgeable, and possessed of a spirit of inquiry well-suited to the many varieties of human experience, it's one of my favorite things to listen to when I'm driving, which thankfully is not that often.

The Secret History of Western Esotericism is another podcast, one I started listening to just today (or was it yesterday?). It looks to be devilishly detailed in its analysis of the history of western traditions of ritual magic, theosophy, gnosticism, occultism, alchemy, and the like over the course of roughly two millennia. Seriously, check out the episode list and tell me that's not dense as hell.

If that's not enough to keep you busy, I'll post another thrilling installment of the Thousand Character Classic project tomorrow.


 


Friday, January 21, 2022

千字文 / The Thousand Character Classic, part 26

 周發商湯

 zhōu fā shāng tāng

"Fa of Zhou and Tang of Shang"


This is not a line I would have immediately figured out on my own, because I didn't recognize any of the names. 周發, "Fa of Zhou", is 周武王, King Wu of Zhou, founder of the Zhou dynasty (which I have heard of!) sometime around 1046 BCE. 商湯, "Tang of Shang," is 成湯 Cheng Tang, founder of the Shang dynasty, established around 1600 BCE. The Shang dynasty was overthrown by what would become the Zhou dynasty.

Based on the previous line, these two rulers did right by their people. In the next couple of lines, we'll find out how they accomplished this. 

If you wanted to read this line for amusement alone, you could interpret 周發 as "sending in circles" and 商湯 as "business soup." Combined, these images make me think of a protracted business dinner, with dishes constantly revolving on a lazy Susan between guests.


微臣
史大偉


千字文 / The Thousand Character Classic, part 25

弔民伐罪

 diào mín fá zuì

"condole with the people and punish the guilty"

 

Here we have a line that's passed into regular usage as one of the many four-character set phrases known as 成語 chengyu. My pop-up online dictionary (all hail Perapera, even if it's no longer being updated) translates it as "to console the people and punish the tyrant." I don't know how 罪 ended up meaning "tyrant" here, but it's a pretty good phrase.

"Condole" is an English word you don't hear much. Sure, there's "condolences," but I don't think I've ever heard "condole" on its own. It means to lament or express sorrow in sympathy with someone, which to me comes across differently than "console" in the translation above. (Weirdly enough, the translation of 弔 alone in that same dictionary is "to condole with.")

弔 also represents a string of 100 copper coins, the kind with a hole in the middle. I usually avoid leaning too heavily on the pictographic aspect of Chinese characters, but here you can kinda see it—either the curved stroke as a string winding around and through the vertical stroke of a coin seen edgewise, or the vertical stroke is the string passing through a series of coins, also seen edgewise.

Who's condoling with the people and punishing the guilty? We're about to find out.


微臣
史大偉





 


Tuesday, January 18, 2022

千字文 / The Thousand Character Classic, part 24

有虞陶唐

yǒu yú táo táng

"You Yu and Tao Tang"

 

有虞 ("the holder of Yu") is the clan or lineage name of 帝舜 Emperor Shun, who lived over four thousand years ago and was a descendant of the Yellow Emperor. Shun was the successor of 堯 Yao, also known by his clan name of 陶唐 Tao Tang. Both of them are included in the 三皇五帝 Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors I mentioned a few posts back—basically, they're among the mythological founders of the Chinese state.

Yao abdicated his throne to Shun after ruling for more than 70 years, which makes you wonder what took him so long. Apparently, it's because his sons were useless, and didn't deserve to rule. Yao and Shun were apparently quite popular with Confucians, who found their behavior, particularly their stepping aside in favor of better men, exemplary. While 70 years on the throne seems absurdly long, when you realize there are American politicians who've been serving for over 50 years, it's not quite as far-fetched.

Yao also is the legendary inventor of the game 圍棋 weiqi, better known as Go. That's pretty cool.

More emperors and their deeds tomorrow, or later today, depending on how busy I am. 

 

微臣
史大偉


 



Sunday, January 16, 2022

千字文 / The Thousand Character Classic, part 23

 推位讓國

 tuī wèi ràng guó

 "abdicate the throne and give up the country"

 

Once again there's an unspoken grammatical element, namely an indication of who's abdicating, which means this can be read as "those who abdicate the throne and give up the country." My copy of the 千字文 has this in the past tense, which is another of those things you have to figure out from context, since there are no particles here indicating time. So who was it that abdicated and gave up the country? We'll find out in the next line. Prepare for more references to people by names by which they're not best known! 

推 is most commonly seen these days on the doors of restaurants and other businesses in China, along with its opposite, 拉. They mean "push" and "pull," respectively. 位 here means "seat" or "position of influence," hence "throne," but it's also a polite way for counting people. Instead of 兩個人, two people, you can say 兩位人.


微臣
史大偉



Saturday, January 15, 2022

千字文 / The Thousand Character Classic, part 22

乃服衣裳

nǎi fú yī shang

"and also clothes and garments"


So we've got writing and clothing coming into being at roughly the same time. I don't think that tracks historically, but whatever.

This line struck me as funny because three of the four characters mean "clothes," both by themselves and in conjunction with other characters. 衣服 is what's used in modern Chinese; 衣 on its own can mean "upper garment" (per Kroll's dictionary) as well as "to wear" or "to put on." 裳, when pronounced "chang," means "lower garment" or "skirt." 衣裳 means—you guessed it—"clothes," since you now have upper and lower garments.

I don't think the phrase that's run between lines 19-22 actually requires a post of its own, since I explained the grammatical framing earlier, but just so it's all in one place, here you go:

龍師火帝 鳥官人皇 始制文字 乃服衣裳

"In the time of the dragon masters and fire emperor, the bird officials and the sovereign of men, Chinese characters began to be made, and clothes began to be worn."

You'll note that I translated line 22 differently than I did before. I think it sounds better this way when considered as part of a phrase.

More tomorrow, folks!

微臣
史大偉

 

 

千字文 / The Thousand Character Classic, part 21

 始制文字

 shǐ zhì wén zì

 "Chinese characters began to be made"

 

Pretty straightforward, I'd say, especially as part of the phrase begun a couple lines ago. "In the time of the dragon masters, the fire emperor, the bird officials, and the sovereign of men, Chinese characters began to be made". I have nothing interesting to add, so I'll go ahead and write up the next line, which by  my reading wraps up this part.


微臣
史大偉

 

Thursday, January 06, 2022

千字文 / The Thousand Character Classic, part 20

 鳥官人皇

niǎo* guān rén huáng 

"Bird officials and the sovereign of man"


Dragon masters, fire emperors, bird officials, and the sovereign of mankind—so many monikers and titles to learn. 

According to my edition of the 千字文, 少昊 Shao Hao, a legendary emperor, "designated his officials with the names of birds." The "sovereign of man" is 黃帝 Huangdi, the Yellow Emperor; he is the father of 少昊 Shao Hao. Huangdi is referred to here as the "sovereign of man" because each of the first three legendary emperors of China was associated with one of the 三才** Three Powers, i.e., 天 heaven, 地 earth, and 人 man. (Fu Xi and Shen Nong, discussed in the last post, are the emperors of heaven and earth, respectively.)

The Yellow Emperor is a major figure in Chinese history and mythology: the legendary ancestor of numerous emperors, inventor of Chinese medicine, symbolic center of the universe. I'd never heard of Shao Hao until I started reading about lines 19-20 of the Thousand Character Classic, but I've never been well-versed in Chinese mythology, or the part of Chinese history so shrouded in the mists of time it might as well be mythology. 

In the last post I mentioned a grammatical element connecting this line and the previous one. I'm still bad at catching unwritten contexts in classical Chinese, so I'm glad that my copy of the book situates line 19 temporally: "In the times of the dragon masters". It's not readily apparent that this should be read as starting with a "when" statement, but it makes perfect grammatical sense. (I also need to get better at reading ahead a bit to help establish context.) So,

龍師火帝  鳥官人皇

can be read "In the time of the dragon masters, the fire emperor, the bird officials, and the sovereign of men...", which in turn sets up the following lines.

Only five more lines and I'll be 10% finished! See you soon, dudes.

微臣

史大偉


*鳥 in modern Chinese is also pronounced "diao," and used as an alternate character for 屌, which  is also pronounced "diao" and means "penis" or, in Cantonese, "to fuck." Reading this line as "dick officials" seems like a not-so-subtle jab at the nature of bureaucracy, but amusing as that is, it seems unlikely.

**There's a Chinese martial arts form called 三才劍, "three powers sword." You can see a wonderfully grainy performance of it here.


Wednesday, January 05, 2022

千字文 / The Thousand Character Classic, part 19

 龍師火帝

lóng shī huǒ dì 

"Dragon Master and Fire Emperor"

We've seen so far that each four-character line often forms a couplet with another, and together they comment on the world in some way. The last couplet (lines 17-18) told us a little something about the natural world, and the one before that about human preferences with regards to food; with this one, we're entering mythological-historical territory again.

Here begins a longer description of the earliest days of mankind, as depicted through the Chinese lens. It runs several lines, so I'm questioning the value of breaking it (and similar future passages) into single lines. On the other hand, I'm not in a rush to get through this, nor am I prohibited from writing up summary posts of particular passages, which is what I think I'll do once I've done line-by-line readings of this section.

龍師, "dragon master," refers to 伏羲 Fu Xi, the legendary creator of the human race in Chinese mythology; according to my copy of the 千字文, he "designated his officials with the names of different colored dragons." 火帝, "fire emperor," refers to 神農 Shen Nong, the agricultural god and inventor of, among other things, acupuncture (but apparently not fire-making; that was 燧人氏 Suirenshi). Why is Shen Nong the fire emperor? Because the "first five emperors of the Legendary Period ... were each associated with one of the five elements (wood, fire, earth, metal, and water)."

You can read more in English about both of these figures on Wikipedia or elsewhere; if you want to read about them in Chinese, and in the context of the Thousand Character Classic, check out this blog. That's where I got my start, since my edition of the book is a bit thin on details. The blog, however, associated the Fire Emperor with Suirenshi, so I'm confused about the exact correspondences between one name and another.

While it's not obvious from this line, there's an unwritten grammatical element that connects it to the following lines, as we'll see shortly.

 






Saturday, January 01, 2022

千字文 / The Thousand Character Classic, part 18

Happy new year, dudes! Chronos has been pretty unkind to the human race these last couple years, and I don't have a lot of hope for that changing anytime soon, alas. Still, I'm trying to cast off the seemingly omnipresent pall of dread, not only because it's exhausting to live under, but lending it more weight than it deserves ignores the incontrovertible fact that life is not a static thing, but an endless cycle of change. Locking into one groove, be it positive or negative, may be comforting in its predictability, but it's no way to really live. 

On to the 千字文.

鱗潛羽翔

lín qián xiáng

"Those with scales are submerged; those with feathers soar."

Not much to say about this one, either. We've got another typically terse observation of nature in which properties of the things being talked about—fish and birds—stand in for the things themselves: 鱗 is fish scales, and 羽 is feathers. I vacillated between the translation above and just saying "fish" and "birds," opting for the former mainly to present this explanation.

看官再見!See y'all soon.

微臣

史大偉

 

 

 

 

Thursday, December 23, 2021

千字文 / The Thousand Character Classic, part 17

Well, here we are again, perusing the pages of the 千字文 Thousand Character Classic. I don't know if I'll stick with this project—after all, it's been nearly five years since I last touched it, and there are 233 more entries to get through—but I felt compelled to pull the book off the shelf and give it another go. What I really want to do is translate 白居易 Bai Juyi's 長恨歌 "Song of Everlasting Regret," but it's a really long poem by Chinese standards, and I'll need to work on it for a while before posting a draft here.

On to the next four of the thousand characters.

鹹河淡

Hǎi xián hé dàn

“The sea is salty, the river fresh."

Well, that's pretty straightforward. Looks like we may be in for a few lines of the description of nature, but I haven't read past the next four characters, so who knows?

鹹淡, the characters that mean "salty" and "fresh", together mean "brackish."

That's it for now; I gotta get the hang of this again. Happy Yule, dear readers.

微臣

史大偉

Monday, October 04, 2021

Três Exemplos da Saudade Chinesa de Li Changji

 Bom dia, leitores. Permitam-me apresentar um pequeno trabalho que escrevi em português há dois anos. Nessa altura, foi mais uma oportunidade de practicar o português escrito do que criar um trabalho académico, embora se fizesse mais pesquisas e análises rigorosas, pensaria em submetê-lo para algum jornal. Enfim, não fiz nada, e por isso agora estou a oferecer isso para vocês. Pode lê-lo também na minha página de academia.edu, onde tem um resumo em português e inglês.

DAS

 

TRÊS EXEMPLOS DA SAUDADE CHINESA DE LI CHANGJI

D.A. Smith

A saudade, este conceito de língua portuguesa frequentemente e erradamente descrito como intraduzível, tem análogos na poesia chinesa. Ou seja, a poesia da China tem formas de expressão sobre objetos de nostalgia e desejo semelhantes à saudade lusófona.  A dinastia Tang, considerada por muitos a idade de ouro de poesia na China, deu-nos o poeta 李賀 Li He (790-816), também conhecido pelo nome de cortesia 李長吉 Li Changji, que viveu uma vida amaldiçoado com doença e azar. Por várias razões a carreira na burocracia, a marca dos eruditos chineses, nunca concretizou, e Li, sempre de constituição fraca, voltou para a terra natal de Fuchang, na província de Henan, onde morreu aos 26 anos.

Dois dos poetas mais famosos da dinastia Tang, 李白 Li Bai e 杜甫 Du Fu, são respetivamente conhecidos como 詩仙, o “imortal de poesia,” e 詩聖, o “sábio de poesia.” No entanto, Li Changji é designado 詩鬼, o “fantasma de poesia,” por as suas esquisitas imagens e preocupações. Embora o apelido é bem aplicável, nos três poemas abaixos podemos ver não só alguns elementos fantásticos do poesia de Li, mas temas mais típicos  abrangidos pela saudade chinesa, nomeadamente os de viagem, velhice, e fracasso, seja pessoal ou profissional.

No âmbito do seu trabalho como funcionários, os literários chineses tinham de viajar para outras províncias, longe da terra natal e o capital. Apesar da sua breve carreira, Li Changji não foi excepção, e ele escreveu vários poemas sobre o tema de viajar. E com a viagem vem a saudade. Em “O Viajante,” Li apresenta-nos duas paisagens, uma real e outra  imaginária-histórica, na sobreposição de imagens tão comum na poesia chinesa.

客遊

悲滿千里心
日暖南山石

不謁承明廬
老作平原客

四時別家廟
三年去鄉國

旅歌屢彈鋏
歸問時裂帛

O Viajante

O coração cheio de tristeza por mil li;
o sol aquece as pedras de Nan Shan.

Não posso apresentar-me na cabana de Chengming;
quando for velho, serei hóspede do senhor de Pingyuan.

Quatro estações longe do templo ancestral,
três anos desde que saí da terra natal.

Canto frequentamente canções de viagem, batendo no punho da espada;
às vezes, numa tira de seda, mando mensagens dizendo que vou voltar.


Por um lado—o do real—vemos um viajante nas montanhas, triste e com saudades de casa; por outro lado, o do imaginário-histórico, o poeta, como se fosse um funcionário de outrora, se preocupa com a sua incapacidade de cumprir os seus deveres no corte da dinastia Han. Estes sentidos não são contraditórios mas sim complementares, o resultado de uma sensibilidade enraizada na história e literatura.

Os mil li, ou milhas chinesas, são provavelmente exagerados, se a montanha referida, 南山 Nan Shan, é uma da cordilheira 終南山 Zhongnanshan, (Frodsham, 1983) ou da 女几山 Nüji Shan (李長吉/吳企明, 2012), ambas relativamente pertos do capital 長安 Chang'an (hoje 西安 Xi'an); neste caso, a tristeza do poeta em ficar longe do capital é mais simbólico. Mas não precisa exatidão geográfica nem temporal o poeta de viajens: além de distância, Li Changji volta no tempo à dinastia Han para reforçar a profundidade das suas saudades. O 承明廬 Chengming Lu, ou Cabana de Chengming, foi o lugar onde esperavam os funcionários que queriam uma audiência com o imperador dos Han (李長吉/吳企明, 2012). Li Changji nunca alcançou uma posição tão alta na sua carreira, e aqui ele exprime claramente a resignação num contexto histórico. A referência ao “Senhor de Pingyuan” é mais uma expressão de saudade situada num contexto histórico: o dito senhor, Zhao Sheng 趙胜, foi estadista no período dos Reinos Combatentes, antes da dinastia Han, no estado de Zhao. O desejo do poeta para cumprir os deveres para um soberano, e ao mesmo tempo imaginar uma vida num outro estado (e época!), presumavelmente por falta de cumprimento e fracasso profissional, leva-nos a pensar que Li Changji era bem consciente das suas falhas, e pensava muito no que poderia ter sido, uma vida alternativa.

Seria fácil dizer que Li parece tirar o melhor das suas viagens, ou pelo menos distrair-se por cantar e pensar em voltar para casa, apesar da desilusão e muitos anos longe de terra natal, mas Frodsham assinala que “batendo no punho da espada” significa mais do que o poeta mantendo o ritmo. Feng Xuan 馮諼, um servo do Senhor de Mengchang 孟嘗君 —mais uma referência ao período dos Reinos Combatentes—expressou a insatisfação por cantar para a espada e bater no punho dela (Frodsham, 1983). Sem dúvida Li Changji conheceu esta história, e aqui ele usa-la para exprimir a saudade do viajante, entretanto dando o leitor uma imagem de alguém que talvez está mais contento com a sua sorte do que parece.

A vida maltrata o poeta numa outra maneira no poema “Balada de um Coração Ferido,” no qual Li Changji enfrenta a velhice e a solidão. Porém, aqui o poeta não funde o presente com o passado no grau que fez no outro poema, e em vez de pensar numa vida perdida parece aceitar, embora de má vontade, o seu destino.

傷心行

咽咽學楚吟
病骨傷幽素

秋姿白髮生
木葉啼風雨

燈青蘭膏歇
落照飛蛾舞

古壁生凝塵
羈魂夢中語

Balada de um Coração Ferido

Soluçando, estudando as canções de Chu
doente nos ossos, lamentando uma solidão despida.

Um rosto outonal — os cabelos todos brancos,
uma árvore de folhas que gritam no vento e na chuva.

A luz da lâmpada torna-se azul enquanto o óleo de orquídea se esgota,
no lusco-fusco esvoaçam e dançam as traças.

Nas antigas paredes acumula-se a poeira,
a alma errante fala dentro dos sonhos.


A colecção de poemas do período dos Reinos Combatentes conhecida como as 楚辭, as canções de Chu, era grande influência sobre Li, e faz sentido que ele pensasse nela, sozinho no estúdio, enfrentado pela doença e prematura velhice (lembra-se que Li morreu  aos 26 anos): como todo mundo, nos momentos difíceis ele procura qualquer alívio e significado que pode obter. A solidão e a doença imobilizam o poeta, que tem de conhecer a futilidade de reclamar; mas como a árvore a qual ele se compara, ele recusa de ficar em silêncio, pois é contra a sua natureza. A expressão da miséria não é um grito audível, mas sim um poema em que Li pode traçar a forma da sua saudade.

E é saudade, saudade chinesa, não só lamentação. Ao mesmo tempo que Li sofre amargamente no meio de um estúdio decadente—presumivelmente localizado na casa ancestral—ele faz-nos um quadro em que a decadência não é defeito mas sim a própria  coisa que permite o poeta entender e aceitar o seu sofrimento. Li, como o “fantasma de poesia,”  valoriza muito a dimensão estética de cenas sombrias como estas, e a decrepitude do estúdio reflete o estado do corpo e da alma do poeta. Esta combinação de angústia e apreciação estética dá origem a uma experiência que ultrapassa mera tristeza e, no âmbito poético, torna-se saudade.

Na “Canção de Afastar Aflições, escrita ao pé de Huashan,” Li tenta confrontar o seu fracasso profissional com reflexões na história, bem como o apoio do álcool e um bom conselho, dado por alguém que entende bem as vicissitudes da vida.

開愁歌華下作

秋風吹地百草乾
華容碧影生晚寒


我當二十不得意
一心愁謝如枯蘭

衣如飛鶉馬如狗
臨岐擊劍生銅吼


旗亭下馬解秋衣
請貰宜陽一壺酒

壺中喚天雲不開
白晝萬里閒淒迷

主人勸我養心骨
莫愛俗物相填豗


Canção de Afastar Aflições, escrita ao pé de Huashan

O vento de outono sopra nas ervas brancas e secas
Huashan parece que uma sombra azul-esverdeada, nascida do crepúsculo frio

Aos vinte anos, não atingi o meu objetivo
todo o coração triste, murcho como uma orquídea seca

Minha roupa como plumas de cordoniz, meu cavalo como um cão
chegando a um caminho bifurcado, bato na espada, produzindo um rugido de bronze

No pavilhão de bandeiras, desmonto do cavalo e tiro o manto de outono
na esperança de o empenhar para um jarro de vinho de Yiyang

Dentro do jarro, grito ao céu, mas não se afastam as nuvens
Na branca madrugada, mil li se estendem, frios e obscuros

O taberneiro me encoraja a nutrir o coração e os ossos
e não ressentir-me do clamor do mundo vulgar

Frodsham diz-nos que no 荀子 Xunzi, a antiga colectânea filosófica, há uma referência  a um erudito chamado 子夏 Zixia, que era tão pobre que a roupa parecia a plumagem de cordoniz (Frodsham, 1983) Li Changji, mil anos depois, comisera-se com ele. Procurando alívio de novo, Li está disposto a vender o manto, em pleno outono frio, para comprar vinho. Yiyang, de onde origina o desejado vinho, é o nome antigo do condado onde estava localizada a terra natal do poeta, e podemos ver no desejo dele para um produto familiar uma prova da importância de lugares específicos, especialmente a terra natal. A saudade ocidental também invoca lugares concretos—todo mundo conhece, por exemplo, a importância de Lisboa para o fado, a música que personifica a saudade na imaginação popular—assim como a saudade chinesa. Em ambos os casos, o concreto funde-se com o imaginário, produzindo um efeito fortamente visual, quase irreal, que é uma marca de saudade de qualquer tipo.

 Além das paisagens—mas sempre em relação a eles—as estações do ano desempenham um papel importante na poesia chinesa, com o outono sendo a estação de mudança, perda, e morte, sobrecarregando pessoas com 悲秋, a “tristeza do outono.” Li Changji refere-se à estação várias vezes na sua poesia, e nos exemplos aqui tratados temos um auto-retrato descrito em termos outonais (“Balada de um Coração Ferido”) e uma paisagem de outono, cheio de imagens de decadência natural e pessoal na “Canção de Afastar Aflições.” Neste último poema, o poeta eleva a melancolia e desolação de outono para o nível de saudade através da sobreposição de imagens visuais e sentimentos subtis, alguns dos quais refletem um desejo de libertar-se do mundo material. A “viagem” dentro do jarro de vinho ultrapassa um mero episódio de embriaguez e torna-se uma tentativa de afastar não só a melancolia do poeta, mas a saudade com que a paisagem outonal está carregado. Naturalmente, ele falha suficientemente nesta tarefa que o taberneiro lhe oferece concelhos intemporais sobre o comportamento perante um mundo cruel e grosseiro; tendo em conta a idade do poeta na hora da morte, e a produção contínua de poesia saudadosa até a morte, dir-se-ia que Li Changji não ouviu o dono da cantina.

Temas relacionados à saudade são numerosos na poesia chinesa, e a obra de Li Changji não é excepção. Mas Li, como vemos aqui, contribui para um aprofundamento do conceito pelo uso de imagens e ambientes fora do comum. Outros viajantes ou funcionários de carreira falhada, escrevendo sobre as suas tribulações, poderia fazer referências mais típicas do que Li, que revela em estranheza: falando não apenas de um tempo antigo, mas imaginando-se viajar daquela época para outra; olhando-se como uma árvore esquelética fustigada pelas tempestades; e vivendo numa casa em decadência, no meio de poeira e traças e assombrado por uma alma (魂 hun, que na filosofia chinesa é uma de duas almas, e que pode viajar fora do corpo) que interrompe os sonhos.

No poema “Sonho Oriental,” o poeta português Antero de Quental apresenta ao leitor imagens de uma ilha situada num Oriente mítico, onde o poeta é rei. Sem fazer comparações demasiadas profundas, podemos pensar nisso como análogo ocidental da saudade chinesa de Li Changji. Para Quental, o Oriente simboliza uma vida livre de dores e angústia; Li, que vive no Oriente concreto, idealiza o passado pelas mesmas razões. Para Li, viajar é uma fonte de descontentamento; Quental viaja de bom vontade para a sua ilha imaginária. E o Oriente de Quental está cheio de luxo, enquanto que Li, escrevendo de um estúdio lúgubre, não pensa num mundo imaginário mas fica, mesmo deleita, na melancolia de realidade. Ambos os poetas têm a própria saudade, mas aqui podemos ver que a saudade de Li fica firmamente enraizado no real, apesar de sua reputação pela estranheza.

Este combinação do real e do imaginário ou (im)possível faz parte da saudade, elevando-a além de tristeza ou nostalgia. Estes três poemas de Li Changji representam algumas facetas da saudade como é manifestado não só na poesia chinesa em geral, mas na obra de um dos mais idiossincráticos poetas da dinastia Tang. A poesia de Li mostra-nos a maneira como um sentimento como a saudade pode ser expressado em formas estranhas e desconhecidas, mesmo num meio tipicamente visto como regulamentado e fortamente dependente nas formas e temas poéticas antigas. E assim é ampliado a nossa entendimento da saudade, além de uma emoção ligada somente à língua e cultura portuguesas. Pois se Li Changji pode passar pelos rigores de viagem, as derrotas profissionais, e a sombria realidade de envelhecer, e expremir na sua poesia sentimentos quase idênticos à saudade ocidental que tais desafios da vida incutiu na sua alma, devemos reconhecer que há na poesia da China a saudade, e que o Fantasma de Poesia é uma das vozes dela.


Referências Bibliográficas

Frodsham, J.D. Goddesses, Ghosts, and Demons: The Collected Poems of Li He (Li Changji, 790-816). San Francisco; North Point Press, 1983.

李賀 (autor) e 吳企明 (anotações). 李長吉歌詩編年箋注. Beijing; 中華書局 Zhonghua Shuju, 2012.




Wednesday, September 08, 2021

Jarrelle Barton - 梅酒晚风 Plum Wine Evening Breeze / Zheng

大家好。I was poking around on Bandcamp the other day, looking at what came up under whatever tag came to mind. While browsing the contents of the guzheng tag, I found the 梅酒晚风 Plum Wine Evening Breeze EP by Jarrelle Barton. For those of you unfamiliar with the 古箏 guzheng, it's a classical Chinese stringed instrument, like a zither with 21 or 24 strings, and it produces some of the most beautiful sounds that human ears have the fortune to hear.

I don't think the guzheng is a particularly popular instrument outside of China and other parts of East Asia, so I was pretty stoked to find a dude in Minnesota playing it. What I really dug, though, was the contrast betweene 梅酒晚风 Plum Wine Evening Breeze, a more traditional and quite lovely set of guzheng tunes, and Barton's latest offering, the two-song, 25-minute Zheng, which is more experimental. He's not the only person on Bandcamp doing interesting things with the guzheng—David Sait is also worth listening to—but Zheng is quite striking. Barton describes it as "meditation music on solo zheng," and it could definitely work for that, if meditating to music is your thing. It's not mine, so when I'm doing anything else other than simply listening, I've put on Zheng while reading.

The first song on Zheng ("A hug from the wind, kisses of the sun") is just otherworldly: deep, echoing, melancholy. It is unquestionably in the highest class of evocative music, stirring up traces of something you can't quite put your finger on. You simply have to listen to it. I'd have recommended Barton's work even if I hadn't heard this song, but after I did, I knew I had to write a little something about it.

So enough reading: go listen to Jarrelle Barton, to whom I say 謝謝您.


微臣
史大偉
 


Tuesday, August 31, 2021

Blue Öyster Cult: The Symbol Remains

I've been a huge Blue Öyster Cult fan since the late '90s, when, after repeated viewing of The Stöned Age, I picked up the On Your Feet or on Your Knees double LP from the Half Price Books on FM 1960 and Veterans Memorial, and subsequently all of BÖC's albums, also on vinyl (and CD, in some cases; I even have, thanks to my brother, A Long Day's Night on the frankly bullshit format known as "audio DVD"). I had a BÖC belt buckle until it broke, my wife got me a BÖC shirt that's as old if not older than me, and I've seen them live three times.

But all of these credentials went out the window when I learned, after the fact, that the band had released its first album in almost 20 years. And I don't mean I was a month or two behind the curve; the album in question, The Symbol Remains, came out last goddamned year. In my feeble defense, I don't follow music news like I used to, the last time I visited the BÖC webpage it was pretty stale, and it's not unreasonable to be surprised by a band led by septuagenarians putting out a record in the middle of a pandemic. But my laziness and excuses aren't the issue here; the record is.

Blue Öyster Cult's latter-day (i.e., 1998-present) output is better than you'd expect from a band that basically drifted apart in the '80s after making a few increasingly poppy, but never fully, objectively bad, records. It's a bit heavier here and there, and retains the melodies and that twist of weirdness that makes BÖC what they are. They even managed to write a song as good as, and maybe better than, any from their heyday: "Harvest Moon", from Heaven Forbid, is one of my favorite BÖC songs ever. (Check out the live version on A Long Day's Night.) It's a shame they didn't keep writing new stuff, but on some level, did they really need to? Their setlists from the album-lean, tour-heavy 21st century (BÖC is, after all, "on tour forever") could be slightly predictable, but they pulled enough good, semi-obscure material out of the catalogue to make resting on their laurels more than acceptable.

So the release of The Symbol Remains comes as a welcome surprise. Lyrically, the songwriting meets all your esoteric BÖC expectations, with writer John Shirley, who was responsible for many of the lyrics on their last couple records, returning here, along with Richard Meltzer, who's co-written his fair share of BÖC tunes over the years. Buck Dharma and Eric Bloom sound fantastic; the former's still got the vibe of a nice guy stuck in a disturbing sci-fi dream, and the latter's voice is as gloating and sinister as ever. Musically speaking, even the least interesting tunes on The Symbol Remains are still pretty good, and the really good ones ("Box in My Head", "Nightmare Epiphany", "Edge of the World", and "The Alchemist" stand out) are potential classics, or at least fan favorites, in the making. Especially noteworthy is that my favorite song here, "Edge of the World", is written completely by one of the "new" (read: since 2004) members, Richie Castellano, which goes to show that BÖC is (and always has been, really) more than just Eric Bloom and Buck Dharma. The whole thing comes together exceptionally well, with even the weaker songs playing a role in the ebb and flow of the album.

I don't want to jump the gun and say this is going to be the last Blue Öyster Cult album, because the band might pull a Thomas Pynchon and become uncharacteristically prolific in its later years, but if this is the last record they make, BÖC is going out with a bang. Beyond rightfully popular tunes like "(Don't Fear) The Reaper", BÖC has never really made the impact they should have, despite being, to probably slightly misquote Mike Watt, "the eye at the top of the pyramid." Maybe The Symbol Remains will do something to change that, but even if it doesn't, that's cool. We've gotten 50 years of heavy metal arcana and killer melodies, after all. Not a lot of bands can claim that kind of legacy.







Monday, August 09, 2021

Notes on the 2021 DSA National Convention

 I've been a DSA member for a few years now, but this is the first national convention I've attended. My attendance, like everyone else's this year, was virtual, due to the pandemic, but that was fine by me. I also was not a full delegate, but an alternate for the Houston delegation. Any fears I had before the convention began that I wouldn't get to participate—i.e., vote—were quickly laid to rest, as I ended up subbing in for my comrades on several occasions. Alas, my alternate status precluded me from voting on NPC candidates, though the final lineup contains most of the people I would've voted for.

The convention was run across a number of platforms, which made things clunky at best and a total mess at worst. The pace was slowed by an endless variety of procedural fuckery, with people making motions that did nothing but cause headaches, technical issues that led to (temporarily) missing votes, and what seemed to be last-minute rule changes and different rulings by different chairs—things that couldn't always be fixed by the support staff, who must have been swamped from the get-go. (Thanks for all your hard work to keep things running, comrades.) If you want to get a sense of how things moved, Tempest Magazine has an incomplete report of the convention, complete with blow-by-blow notes on motions and such.

Since I don't really use Twitter, I missed a lot of acrimonious shit-slinging regarding some of the convention's controversial occurrences, namely the credentialing of some delegates and the removal or withdrawal of several NPC candidates. There was also a lot of heated debate about some of the resolutions under consideration, but from what I saw—within the confines of the convention framework, not on Twitter or whatever—it stayed pretty civil.

The issue of internationalism, which revolved around one resolution in particular, was a real sticking point. I don't doubt that the folks who argued in favor of the resolution (and who won the vote to pass it) did so in good faith, and I don't totally disagree with them or the resolution, but I'm a little wary of the potential for the DSA to hitch itself to movements and mass parties overseas that may not share the same values, and/or are little more than state-aligned or ineffective organizations. Thankfully, there's nothing binding in the resolution with regard to action, so I'm happy to wait and see what happens.

As a result of the convention, DSA has a national platform for the first time. It's not perfect, but it's a start. There was also overwhelming support for the Green New Deal and eco-socialism, which to me was the most important thing that came out of the convention. While there's obviously no disentangling politics from the climate crisis, the almost unimaginable weight of the latter exerts such gravitational pull that it takes precedence in a way nothing else under discussion can, and everything ends up being seen through the lens of climate collapse. There's no world to win if there's no world at all.

What else? I had the distinct pleasure of chatting with Nathan Robinson, editor of the superb Current Affairs, via the convention's virtual tabling feature. I wish there had been a better, more permanent way of keeping in touch with people from DSA chapters around the country, but so it goes. I also wish I'd joined my Houston comrades at the firefighters' union hall to attend virtually together, but the current state of COVID-19 infections around here has made me reluctant to spend more time indoors than is necessary.

All in all, despite the issues discussed above, I'm very glad I attended the 2021 DSA National Convention, and that I got to represent my chapter. Will I do it again in 2023, when the high decision-making body of DSA meets again, presumably in person? Maybe. Reading and hearing comrades debate, I got the feeling that DSA is on the cusp of something, but I don't know what, exactly. We're close to 100,000 members, but what does that actually mean for socialist politics in the US? As I mentioned, the climate crisis demands a full-scale revolution in human behavior in the vein of Kim Stanley Robinson's The Ministry for the Future, and I think that extends into how we act politically. Building the DSA into an old-style party won't cut it, and I think a lot of us know it. What we do with that knowledge remains to be seen, and unless there are a lot of stupid mistakes made in the next couple years, I intend on sticking around to find out.

 


Wednesday, August 04, 2021

Ursula K. Le Guin and José Saramago, bloggers extraordinaire

There was a post on Metafilter yesterday noting that Ursula K. Le Guin's blog is available again. I never really read it when she was working on it, but I plan on fixing that. I've been a fan of Le Guin since high school, and the world is a poorer place for her absence. Luckily, she left behind a number of amazing books, and also helped found the National Writers Union, of which I'm a member.

What's especially cool is that Le Guin was inspired to blog by none other than José Saramago, probably the most influential, or at least well-known, Portuguese writer of the last few decades. His blog (in Portuguese, of course), which I was unaware of until now, is full of good material. 

Reading these two writers' blogs makes me want to spend more time on my own. (They also make me miss William Gibson's blog, which appears to be replicating some of the visual digital rot he described in Idoru.) I'm not really working on anything else, aside from some stray translations, and in some ways I'm not really interested in writing fiction at all anymore, so posting random bullshit here should scratch what remains of the writing itch.

 

 

 

 

Tuesday, June 15, 2021

李清照 《貴妃閣春貼子》/ Li Qingzhao: "Spring Greetings Hung Outside the Imperial Consort’s Boudoir"

大家好. I've translated more Judith Teixeira poems, but I'll share those—some of them, at least—soon enough. Right now I want to talk a bit about 李清照 Li Qingzhao, the "Householder of Yi'an" and one of China's foremost poets. You can read more about her on Wikipedia (of course), though I get the feeling that the English-language article doesn't do her justice. I have a collection of her poems published by 中信出版集团 Citic Press that's gorgeous. I bet I'll find more biographical information in there.

Li Qingzhao was born into a literary family (her father was a student of 蘇軾 Su Shi, a famous poet and the fellow whose 號, or artistic name, has been lent to the maybe even more famous dish 東坡肉 Dongpo pork), and married a fellow aficionado of the arts. So, like pretty much every well-known Chinese poet until the 20th century, she's a product of the educated class—a miniscule fraction of the population. That said, she doesn't appear to have had ties to the imperial court, so the poem below was not likely written based on personal experience. I'll come back to this later.

This poem is dense with images unfamiliar to me. Fortunately, I found a site that has some useful notes (in Chinese) on those images, and Baidu has an explanation (also in Chinese) of the difference between 春聯 spring couplets and 春貼子 spring greetings. Basically, the former are pasted up for the lunar new year, whereas the latter were hung within palace precincts for the official start of spring. They may still be in use, but I don't know for sure. According to the notes I linked to above, the 金環 "golden band" was a piece of jewelry worn by imperial concubines who were giving birth (from being in labor to "lying in", broadly speaking), or, somewhat more confusingly, menstruating, which seems to run up against the springtime/birth associations in the poem. 鉤弋 Gouyi and 昭陽 Zhaoyang are imperial residences associated with two different women: 趙倢伃 Zhao Jieyu, a consort of 漢武帝 Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty, and 趙飛燕 Zhao Feiyan, a favorite of 漢成帝 Emperor Cheng of the Han dynasty and later known as 孝成皇后 Empress Xiaocheng. Both residences are supposed to have been quite luxurious. Given the theme of springtime and birth, I've translated these lines as reflecting pregnancies in both palaces.

The 百子帳 "hundred-sons veil" and 萬年觴 "10,000-year goblet" are, respectively, a wedding decoration ("canopy" might be better than "veil") embroidered with frolicking young sons, symbolizing the old maxim 多子多福 "more sons, more happiness"; and a ceremonial goblet used, I think, by the emperor to hold what the source above calls 壽酒 "longevity wine". Interestingly enough, if you look up 壽酒, you get a lot of results for 高粱 gaoliang, a variety of the gnarly sorghum liquor known as 白酒 baijiu.

So here Li Qingzhao has given us a pair of spring greeting couplets. The references within them seem specific to the imperial household context, and the sentiment in keeping with the occasion, so the overall effect is exactly as the title describes. The couplets themselves are pleasantly refined, but what makes this poem interesting is the point of view from which it's written, or, maybe better yet, seen. One on hand, Li can be viewed as assuming the role of the writer of the couplets, a concubine in an imperial residence. On the other hand, it's intriguing to think of Li as viewing the couplets outside the concubine's door and copying them down, possibly for her own enjoyment or for posterity. In this scenario, Li takes the concubine's work as her own, insofar as there's no attribution other than the poem's title itself. This leads to questions about Li's motivation, the concubine who wrote the couplets, and the relationship between the two women. Did they meet and talk? Did Li ask permission to share the couplets, and to do so under her own name and not the author's?

This is all speculation, of course, but hey, it's fun to speculate. While Li Qingzhao did, for at least part of her life, move among society's upper echelons, I don't think she had anything to do with the Emperor and the miniature world that surrounded him, so it's unlikely that this poem is anything but a work of imagination, and not an exercise in plagiarism. Nevertheless, the fact that both readings came to mind so naturally is a testament to Li's skill. I look forward to reading, and translating, more of her work. I hope you enjoy it too, 看官.

微臣
史大偉


-----


貴妃閣春貼子

李清照

 

金環半後禮
鉤弋比昭陽
春生百子帳
喜入萬年觴


Spring Greetings Hung Outside the Imperial Consort’s Boudoir

Li Qingzhao 


The imperial consorts wear the golden band

In Gouyi and Zhaoyang alike

Spring brings a hundred-sons veil

Gladness fills the 10,000-year goblet

 

 


Wednesday, May 26, 2021

Vimala Devi translations in the João Roque Literary Journal

Selma Carvalho at the João Roque Literary Journal has published my translations of three of Vimala Devi's poems: "Agora"/"Nowadays", "Se Eu Pudesse Guardar"/"If I Could Keep", and "Tua Boca Faminta"/"Your Starving Mouth". You can read them here. The poems all come from Devi's first poetry collection, Súria, published in 1962. I've translated it in full with Vimala's blessing, but haven't found a publisher for yet, infelizmente.

I'm very grateful for this opportunity, and I hope everyone enjoys the poems, as well as all the other great writing in the journal. Since its inception four years ago, it's been a beacon of writing by Goans and about Goa, so it's well worth your time.

Abraço,
D.A.S.


Tuesday, May 25, 2021

Permaweird

Greetings, dudes. I've been plugging away lately at my translations of Judith Teixeira, tinkering with a mystery novel, and submitting poems of my own to magazines, so I don't have much to offer you in that regard. 

If you're like me, life during the twilight of the COVID-19 pandemic isn't a whole lot different than it was during its more brutal periods last year. When I say twilight, it's less that the pandemic is fading away— as much as everyone wants it to— than that we're living in a permanent half-light. I'm not as housebound as I was, but there's a heavy psychic weight still bearing down on me and everyone I know.

2020 pulled the waxen death mask off the twitching corpse of American society, only for us to find out that a whole lot of our countrymen consider that death mask an ideal reflection of themselves, and they desperately want to keep looking in the mirror. 2021 feels like we're shoveling dirt on the aforementioned corpse, but the knowledge that it's gonna spring out of the grave sooner or later—probably sooner, given the headlong retreat from democracy across the country— is embedded in our exhausted brains. There doesn't seem to be a break in sight from the struggle against fascism, ecological collapse, and generalized human awfulness. There's also a surreal quality to everything that makes day-to-day life even weirder than it has been. That, too, isn't going away anytime soon, if ever. Things are permaweird now.

As grim and circumscribed as things are, though, life is still here to be lived. While the fight to build a better world is endless and tiring, it can also be rewarding in its own right. And then there's 生死大事, the great matter of life and death, to be wrestled with, which is probably the most important task we have. "What is this?" is a question we have to try and answer in every minute of our existence, even when that existence is a total drag and the last thing we want is radical self-inquiry. 

So I'll keep on truckin', trying to get to the bottom of things and pushing for a freer, less greedy, less delusional world. Reading the work of Rinzai Zen priest Cristina Moon, organizing with the Democratic Socialists of America, and digging through the Autodidact Project will help. And, since weirdness is (and really always has been) the name of the game, you can soundtrack it with the vast back catalogue of Kawabata Makoto or this rad collaboration between thisquietarmy and Voivod's Away. Whatever you do, don't despair. I can't say things are gonna get better, because they probably won't, but there's something to be said for giving it our best shot. After all, we're all on borrowed time, so we'd better use it well.

See y'all soon.




Sunday, April 11, 2021

Judith Teixeira: "Onde Vou?"

I was going to write something about the pandemic, and how the so-called plague poems I wrote last year ended up just becoming regular poems (or vice versa), but I'm exhausted by my body's reaction to the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. It's wild that I, or anyone, has been vaccinated, barely over a year since the shit started hitting the fan.

But more on that later. Here's another draft translation of a Judith Teixeira poem. I plan on spending the rest of the spring and the summer working my way through her books of poetry.

Take care of yourselves, dear readers, and até já.


DAS

Onde Vou?

Onde vou eu, onde vou?
Já nem sei donde parti…
Se eu mesma não sei quem sou!
Achei-me dentro de ti.

Eu fui ninguém que passou,
eu não fui, nunca me vi…
Fui asa que palpitou…
Eu só agora existi.

Negra Dor espavorida
ou saudade dolorida
eu fui talvez no passado…

Sou triste por atavismo…
Não há ontem no cuidado
em que em cuidados me abismo.


Inverno — Hora Ignorada
1922

----- Where am I Going? Where am I going, where? I don’t even know where I started… If I myself don’t know, who does! I found myself within you. I was a passing nobody, I didn’t leave, I never saw myself… I was a beating wing… Only now did I exist.
Maybe in the past I was
Fearful Black Pain or sorrowful longing... I am saddened by atavism… There is no yesterday into the care of which I can hurl myself. Winter — Hour Unknown 1922

Monday, March 08, 2021

Dia Internacional da Mulher/International Women's Day: Judith Teixeira - "Os Meus Cabelos"

In celebration of International Women's Day, here's a translation of Judith Teixeira's "Os Meus Cabelos". As a longhair myself, I really like how Teixeira revels in her locks.

Enjoy, folks. 

Abraço,
DAS

-----

 

"Os Meus Cabelos"

Judith Teixeira


Doirado, fulvo, desmaiado
e vermelho,
tem reflexos de fogo o meu cabelo!
Neste conjunto diverso,
quando me vejo assim, ao espelho,
encontro no meu todo, um ar perverso...

Gosto dos meus cabelos tão doirados!
E enterro com volúpia
os dedos esguios,
por entre os meus fios
d'oiro, desgrenhados,
revoltos e macios!

Fico às vezes a ver-me e a meditar
admirada,
nesse oiro fulvo e estridente
da minha cabeleira desmanchada,
que tão bem sabe exteriorizar,
o meu ser estranho e ardente...

Há sol, outono e inverno,
brilhos metálicos, poente,
a chama do próprio inferno,
no meu cabelo igual ao meu sentir!
— E eu fico largo tempo a contemplar,
a cismar
e a sorrir,
ao meu perfil incoerente
e singular...


Maio — Entardecer
1922

-----

"My Hair"
Judith Teixeira

Golden, tawny, pale,
and red,
there are reflections of fire in my hair!
In this varied assembly,
when I see myself like this in the mirror,
there's an air of perversity to the whole of me.

I like my tresses, so golden!
And I sensuously bury
my slender fingers
among these gilt
strands of mine, unkempt,
wild, and soft!

Sometimes I look at myself and ponder,
admiring
the tawny, brassy gold
of my hair when it's down,
hair that knows so well how to externalize
my strange, fierce being...

In my hair and my feelings alike
there is sunlight, autumn and winter,
metallic glints, sunsets,
the flames of hell itself!
— And I spend a long time contemplating,
brooding over
and smiling at,
my inconsistent and singular
profile...


May — Sunset
1922


Thursday, February 18, 2021

"further intimations of the void"

 

"further intimations of the void"
2.17.21

The dude at the convenience store
perched on the edge
of the darkness that's
swallowed most of the city says

Skor bars have been
selling well today.

Why's that?
Why toffee and chocolate
as Houston freezes to death
and goes without water?

I didn't ask him,
but I should have.

Same reason, probably,
that I bought these two beers
and drank them
back to back.
 
 

Saturday, January 02, 2021

MMXXI

Even before COVID-19 smeared plague across the globe, 2020 was already going to be an especially ugly, desperate year here in America, thanks to the election. As it stands, we—Americans, that is—have collectively limped past the December 31 finish line (an illusory goal if ever there was one), having only barely gotten our shit together enough to vote Donald Trump out after his administration spent the past eleven months doing nothing about a disease that much of the world managed to handle with at least a modicum of common sense and rationality. Hundreds of thousands of Americans have died needlessly, huge swathes of the population are unemployed and/or about to lose their homes, and around the world nation-states (including the US) are starting to rehearse for the next phase of the ongoing and ever-worsening climate crisis, which usually means foregoing the sort of species-wide solidarity we actually need in favor of shoring up artificial borders, dehumanizing outsiders (or insiders who don't meet the criteria of a "real" citizen, a category that grows narrower by the day), and generally doubling down on the us-versus-them mentality that got us here in the first place. 

So yeah, 2020 was been a bullshit year. It was by no means the worst in human history, but that's cold comfort for everyone who suffered, or is still suffering, at its numb, infected hands, and it feels like History (capital H) decided to give us a tightly-scripted preview of what awaits us over the course of the next, I dunno, 50 or 100 years. It ain't pretty, and I am not at all sure that humanity will rise to meet the challenges we've created for ourselves (and every other species on the planet, but it's been pretty well established that we do not give a single fuck about them or anything that stands in the way of making profits and fulfilling the sad-ass failures of imagination that pass for "dreams"). That said, barring a heavy-duty nuclear exchange that renders the whole thing moot—an outcome as possible as it's ever been—I don't think we're straight-up doomed. Shit will get bad in unimaginable ways, but the species will scrape by. Hell, we may even outgrow some of our worst traits. I have no idea. Or, more accurately: I don't know.

Not knowing is one of those skills I'm always honing. Not knowing isn't ignorance, though of course ignorance involves not knowing; not knowing is a refusal—albeit not too militant a refusal, since that leads to its own set of conundrums—to mistake one's one thoughts and feelings for reality. In this case, reality as it'll play out in the future. Forecasting the future is a sucker's game, and like most such games it's sometimes just lucrative enough to make us think it's a worthwhile pursuit. While I like throwing around ideas of what may be coming our way as much as the next dude, I like to think I have a sufficient grasp of how complex the world is, and how unpredictable people and nature can be, to avoid conflating the notions I toss out on IRC or over beers with what's actually going on. But again, I don't know, so I generally avoid prognostication. You're better off consulting the 易經 I Ching/Yi Jing than talking to me.

This blog is entering its 18th year. I still don't really know what I'm doing with it, but I plan on keeping it around. Maybe I'll do more writing and less translating this year. I wouldn't mind sorting out some of my ideas about, say, Buddhism or martial arts, or trying to write more critical album reviews. I may write more in Portuguese. 2021 is still a newborn, though, sticky with afterbirth, so I may let things unfold at their own pace before worrying too much about what exactly is said when The Corpse Speaks.

In the meantime, I'll direct your attention to Erik Davis' new venture, the wide-ranging and always compelling Burning Shore newsletter; the Korinji Rinzai Zen community, home of some deep Zen practice; Herman Melville's marginalia; the Ploughshares Fund, working to rid the world of the threat of nuclear weapons; and the mind-shattering vajra doom hammer that is the music of Neptunian Maximalism.

Happy MMXXI, y'all.

 
微臣
史大偉/D.A.S.




Sunday, December 20, 2020

Judith Teixeira: "Adeus"

I'm up to my eyeballs in an editing gig, details of which I'll share at a later date, but I'm still reading Judith Teixeira. The more I read, the more I like her work. 

Here's a first-draft translation of her poem "Adeus." Her tone is deeply satisfying in its scornfulness, which in turn is undermined by her weakness for goodbyes. I think the poem could've been simply a brilliant dismissal, but by adding that extra dimension, Teixeira makes it all the more human. I love it.

If I don't write again before Yuletide or the New Year, happy holidays, folks. Enjoy the Winter Solstice.

DAS

 

"Adeus"
Judith Teixeira

Sim, vou partir.
E não levo saudade
de ninguém...
Nem em ti penso agora!...
Julgavas que a tristeza desta hora
fosse maior que a firme vontade
que eu pus em destruir
o luminoso fio de ternura
que me prendia ao teu olhar?...
Julgaste mal:
Eu sei amar,
mas meu amor,
o que eu não sei
é ser banal!

Mas porque vim eu escrever-te ainda?
nem eu sei!
Talvez somente
o hábito cortês da despedida
— e o habito faz lei!

Choro?!... Oh! sim, perdidamente!
Mas sabes tu, porque este pranto
assim amargo, e soluçado, vem?
É que na hora da partida
eu nunca pude sem chorar,
dizer adeus a ninguém!


Janeiro
1926

-----

"Goodbye"
Judith Teixeira

Yes, I'm leaving.
And I won't miss
anyone...
I'm not even thinking of you now!
Did you think that the sadness of this moment
would be greater than my firm intention
to destroy
the luminous thread of tenderness
that bound me to your gaze?...
You thought wrong:
I know how to love,
but darling,
what I don't know
is how to be ordinary!

But why am I still writing to you?
I don't even know!
Maybe it's only
the polite habit of saying farewell
— and habits make laws!

Do I cry?... Oh, yes, uncontrollably!
But do you know why these tears,
bitter as they are, and punctuated by sobs, well up?
It's because when it's time to leave
I could never say goodbye
to anyone without crying!

 
January
1926

Friday, October 30, 2020

Judith Teixeira: "Podes Ter os Amores que Quiseres…"

Here's another poem by Judith Teixeira. I find it somewhat sad, especially knowing that Teixeira probably wrote this about a woman she loved who could or would not return that love publicly, but the poem's sadness is outweighed by its determination—their love remains despite one of them renouncing it. Or perhaps that's wishful thinking on the poet's part; perhaps her beloved will, after all, move on to other people as suggested, but not retain that aching, coal-red love. Maybe this poem was written with that possibility in mind, as a sort of verbal talisman to ward off such an occurrence. I don't know enough Judith Teixeira to say.

DAS

 

"Podes Ter os Amores que Quiseres…"
Judith Teixeira

Podes dizer que me não amas,
sim, podes dizê-lo,
e o mundo acreditar,
porque só eu saberei
que mentes!

Eu estou na tua alma
como a flama
que devora sob a cinza
as brasas dormentes...
   
Não creias no remorso
- o remorso não existe!
O que tu sentes
e o que em ti subsiste,
são o rubor da minha ternura
e a chama do meu amor
que em ti
nunca foram ausentes!...

Não julgues, não, que me esqueceste,
porque mentes a ti mesmo
se o disseres…
Podes ter os amores que quiseres,
que o teu amor por mim,
como uma dor latente e compungida,
há-de acompanhar sempre
a tua e a minha vida!

-----


"You Can Have the Lovers You Want..."
Judith Teixeira

You can say you don't love me,
yes, you can say it,
and the world will believe it,
because only I will know
you're lying!

I'm in your soul
like the flame
that devours the dormant coals
under the ashes...

Don't believe in remorse
— remorse doesn't exist!
What you feel
and what remains in you,
is the flush of my affection
and the flame of my love
which never left
you!...

No, don't think you've forgotten me, no,
because you're lying to yourself
if you say as much...
You can have the lovers you want,
since your love for me,
like a latent, throbbing pain,
will forever be part of
your life and mine!



Thursday, October 22, 2020

"upon hearing that Kerouac died fifty years ago yesterday"

Christ, I'm bad at anniversaries. I wrote this poem last year, and I've edited it a few times since. Earlier this week I remembered the anniversary of Jack Kerouac's death was coming up and meant to share this on time, but no dice. At least I posted it on the anniversary of writing it, for whatever that's worth.

Now would be the time to share some thoughts on Kerouac, but it's late and the poem says enough for the time being. Take it easy, folks.

DAS

-----

"upon hearing that Kerouac died fifty years ago yesterday"

Ti Jean drank his way outta here
50 years ago yesterday.
I wonder: was it
coming face to face with
the no-comfort of the Dharma?
Back to the bottle and Mother Mary
when it became clear that
all there was to rest upon
was emptiness?

I understand, Jack
and I forgive you for it.
Death and Florida
are sometimes all you can hope for
and the three marks of existence
can make for one sad hollow
flesh trip.

Hope you're safe in heaven dead
and I wish this world
hadn't been so eager
to show its ugly true face.


10.22.19

Saturday, October 17, 2020

Dungeon Crawling, Heavy Metal: Throne of Iron's "Adventure One"

Getting folks together to play Dungeons & Dragons or another tabletop RPG is always a chore these days, and by "these days" I mean "ever since college." The pandemic has made things somewhat easier for those who play over Zoom, something I haven't tried yet but probably will, sooner or later. Still, ever since I started playing in 1989 or 1990—I never remember which year it was, but it was fifth grade—one of the biggest appeals of the game, and role-playing in general, was reading the rulebooks and setting material and writing up all the characters, places, and events you might someday use in an adventure. As it turns out, the solitary side of what's meant to be a social pastime is as meaningful and fun as playing the game itself! Well, kinda; during all that time spent drawing dungeon maps and creating NPCs, you always hope you'll get to put it into action with some friends after school or on a Friday night, sharing a pizza, a two-liter of soda or a sixer of beer, a bunch of dice, and, inevitably, one measly pencil sharpener.

My experience with heavy metal parallels my D&D career, and is probably similar to a lot of other metalheads'. You get into metal at an age when music is just starting to mean something—entertainment, the source of a burgeoning identity, emotional catharsis, you name it—and it just makes sense. It fuckin' rules. If you're lucky, you have a metalhead friend or two with whom to share the experience, first of listening to shared albums and then going to shows, but it's basically a solo endeavor. If going to concerts is like playing D&D with a proper group, listening to metal records in your bedroom is like reading the Dungeon Master's Guide or the Cyclopedia of the Realms and figuring out what magic items to put in the stash the PCs will find if they don't fuck up too badly. (This is something you'd likely do, of course, while listening to heavy metal in your bedroom, so the comparison is even more apt, I'd say.)

It goes without saying that heavy metal and D&D have a long shared history. Orcus only knows how many metal records contain songs about the band's player characters, or how many D&D monsters and villains have been inspired by metal.  Throne of Iron, however, is one of the few bands that puts the D&D connection front and center, which is one of the things that drew me to them. The band's logo uses the distinctive font from the BECMI D&D boxed sets from the '80s, they've released four singles in the "Roll for Metal" series, which utilize randomly-generated riffs and lyrics, and Adventure One, the band's first full-length, plays out like a D&D adventure, complete with a Dungeon Master, the clatter of dice, and player commentary (The disappointed "fuck" when someone makes a shitty roll for initiative is something we've all uttered.) The combination feels natural, and the somewhat jokey gameplay elements don't detract from the musical at all. Hell, it's all just fun. Watch the "Lichspire" video and you'll see what I mean.

Throne of Iron, you'll be shocked to learn, plays heavy metal in the traditional early '80s vein (which you'll have figured out if you watched the video I linked to a sentence ago.) Think Manilla Road, maybe, with less distinctive vocals, but don't worry about comparisons too much. It's not ground-breaking, but it doesn't try, or need, to be. It's just good, solid, heavy metal full of reliable riffs, mid-tempo chugging, and that admirable quality of being equally worth listening to carefully while you're rolling up stats for that sentient magic sword, or putting on in the background while your party sets out to cleanse the lair of a long-dead wizard of the gelatinous cubes who've moved in. 

So grab a Lone Star—or whatever cheap local beer they drink in Bloomington, Indiana, where Throne of Iron is from—and your dice bag, put on Adventure One at a suitable volume, and enjoy the best of what D&D and heavy metal have to offer. Whether you're alone or with friends, you'll have fun, which is something everyone from the lowliest nerd to the most beer-fueled hesher needs in these dark days. 

May all your 20s be natural, dudes, and long live heavy metal!

Thursday, October 08, 2020

"Outonais" por Judith Teixeira

Howdy, y'all. Apologies for the silence, but as you can probably imagine, given the overall tenor of 2020, time moves strangely and most of my attention has been elsewhere. After all, America is still being ravaged by COVID-19 due to a toxic combination of zero leadership, willful ignorance, and the stupidest form of individualism imaginable, and there's a fascist threatening to remain in the White House if and when his manque Baron Harkonnen ass is voted out, so I've been trying to stay healthy and do what I can to keep this country from gleefully sliding into an abyss lorded over by an even worse assortment of Bible-thumpers, capitalist vampires, and emotionally wounded reactionary swine than we already have.

Those same wretched figures, albeit in older Portuguese forms, appear to have ruined the career of Judith Teixeira (AKA Judite dos Reis Ramos Teixeira). A poet, writer, and publisher of a short-lived magazine called Europa, Teixeira's works were denounced by the Action League of Lisbon Students (Liga de Acção dos Estudantes de Lisboa)—a name that reeks of the particularly awful conservatism of the young—and subsequently ordered to be burned by the Lisbon government. 

Why, you may ask, did these miserable children dislike Teixeira? Because she numbered among "the decadent artists, the poets of Sodom, the publishers, authors, and sellers of immoral books" due to lesbian subtext in her work. Judith Teixeira went on to live in obscurity until her death in 1959 at the age of 79. In a better world than ours, where people weren't slaves to rigid notions of family, country, and god, she may have gone on to write a lot more, and maybe even made a long-standing impact on LGBTQ literature in Portugal. Sadly, we'll never know.

I only recently learned of Teixeira's work, so I don't know if anyone else has translated her into English, but here's one of her poems, chosen for its seasonal relevance. I intend to translate more, too.

If you live in the US, go vote ASAP, and be prepared to step up if things get ugly after November 3. No matter where you live, remember that anti-fascism should be your default political position. If it isn't, ask yourself why, and fix it.

Abraço,
DAS

-----

"Outonais"
Judith Teixeira

No meu peito alvo, de neve,
as claras pétalas dos teus dedos,
finas e alongadas,
tombaram como rosas desfolhadas
à luz espásmica e fria
deste entardecer...
E o meu corpo sofre,
ébrio de luxúria, um mórbido prazer!

A cor viva dos teus beijos,
meu amor,
prolonga ainda mais o meu tormento,
na trágica dor
deste desvestir loiro e desolado
do Outono...
Repara agora, como o sol morre
num agónico sorrir
doloroso e lento!...

........................

Noite... um abismo...
sombras de medo!
Tumultuam mais alto os teus desejos!
Sobe o clamor do meu delírio
e a brasa viva dos teus beijos,
num rúbido segredo,
vai-me abrindo a carne em sulcos de martírio!


Entardecer — Janeiro
1925

 

-----

 

"Autumnal"
Judith Teixeira


On my snow-white breast,
the pale petals of your fingers,
long and slender,
fall like plucked roses
in the cold and spasmodic light
of this late afternoon...
And my body suffers,
drunk on lust, a morbid pleasure!

The bright color of your kisses,
my love,
further prolongs my torment,
in the tragic pain
of this blonde and bereft undressing
of Autumn...
See now how the sun dies
with an agonized smile,
painful and slow!...

........................

Night... an abyss...
Frightful shadows!
Your desires in a greater uproar!
The clamor of my delirium rises
and the glowing coal of your kisses,
in a red secret,
opens my flesh in furrows of martyrdom!

 

Sunset — January

1925