Thursday, December 23, 2021

千字文 / The Thousand Character Classic, part 17

Well, here we are again, perusing the pages of the 千字文 Thousand Character Classic. I don't know if I'll stick with this project—after all, it's been nearly five years since I last touched it, and there are 233 more entries to get through—but I felt compelled to pull the book off the shelf and give it another go. What I really want to do is translate 白居易 Bai Juyi's 長恨歌 "Song of Everlasting Regret," but it's a really long poem by Chinese standards, and I'll need to work on it for a while before posting a draft here.

On to the next four of the thousand characters.

鹹河淡

Hǎi xián hé dàn

“The sea is salty, the river fresh."

Well, that's pretty straightforward. Looks like we may be in for a few lines of the description of nature, but I haven't read past the next four characters, so who knows?

鹹淡, the characters that mean "salty" and "fresh", together mean "brackish."

That's it for now; I gotta get the hang of this again. Happy Yule, dear readers.

微臣

史大偉

Monday, October 04, 2021

Três Exemplos da Saudade Chinesa de Li Changji

 Bom dia, leitores. Permitam-me apresentar um pequeno trabalho que escrevi em português há dois anos. Nessa altura, foi mais uma oportunidade de practicar o português escrito do que criar um trabalho académico, embora se fizesse mais pesquisas e análises rigorosas, pensaria em submetê-lo para algum jornal. Enfim, não fiz nada, e por isso agora estou a oferecer isso para vocês. Pode lê-lo também na minha página de academia.edu, onde tem um resumo em português e inglês.

DAS

 

TRÊS EXEMPLOS DA SAUDADE CHINESA DE LI CHANGJI

D.A. Smith

A saudade, este conceito de língua portuguesa frequentemente e erradamente descrito como intraduzível, tem análogos na poesia chinesa. Ou seja, a poesia da China tem formas de expressão sobre objetos de nostalgia e desejo semelhantes à saudade lusófona.  A dinastia Tang, considerada por muitos a idade de ouro de poesia na China, deu-nos o poeta 李賀 Li He (790-816), também conhecido pelo nome de cortesia 李長吉 Li Changji, que viveu uma vida amaldiçoado com doença e azar. Por várias razões a carreira na burocracia, a marca dos eruditos chineses, nunca concretizou, e Li, sempre de constituição fraca, voltou para a terra natal de Fuchang, na província de Henan, onde morreu aos 26 anos.

Dois dos poetas mais famosos da dinastia Tang, 李白 Li Bai e 杜甫 Du Fu, são respetivamente conhecidos como 詩仙, o “imortal de poesia,” e 詩聖, o “sábio de poesia.” No entanto, Li Changji é designado 詩鬼, o “fantasma de poesia,” por as suas esquisitas imagens e preocupações. Embora o apelido é bem aplicável, nos três poemas abaixos podemos ver não só alguns elementos fantásticos do poesia de Li, mas temas mais típicos  abrangidos pela saudade chinesa, nomeadamente os de viagem, velhice, e fracasso, seja pessoal ou profissional.

No âmbito do seu trabalho como funcionários, os literários chineses tinham de viajar para outras províncias, longe da terra natal e o capital. Apesar da sua breve carreira, Li Changji não foi excepção, e ele escreveu vários poemas sobre o tema de viajar. E com a viagem vem a saudade. Em “O Viajante,” Li apresenta-nos duas paisagens, uma real e outra  imaginária-histórica, na sobreposição de imagens tão comum na poesia chinesa.

客遊

悲滿千里心
日暖南山石

不謁承明廬
老作平原客

四時別家廟
三年去鄉國

旅歌屢彈鋏
歸問時裂帛

O Viajante

O coração cheio de tristeza por mil li;
o sol aquece as pedras de Nan Shan.

Não posso apresentar-me na cabana de Chengming;
quando for velho, serei hóspede do senhor de Pingyuan.

Quatro estações longe do templo ancestral,
três anos desde que saí da terra natal.

Canto frequentamente canções de viagem, batendo no punho da espada;
às vezes, numa tira de seda, mando mensagens dizendo que vou voltar.


Por um lado—o do real—vemos um viajante nas montanhas, triste e com saudades de casa; por outro lado, o do imaginário-histórico, o poeta, como se fosse um funcionário de outrora, se preocupa com a sua incapacidade de cumprir os seus deveres no corte da dinastia Han. Estes sentidos não são contraditórios mas sim complementares, o resultado de uma sensibilidade enraizada na história e literatura.

Os mil li, ou milhas chinesas, são provavelmente exagerados, se a montanha referida, 南山 Nan Shan, é uma da cordilheira 終南山 Zhongnanshan, (Frodsham, 1983) ou da 女几山 Nüji Shan (李長吉/吳企明, 2012), ambas relativamente pertos do capital 長安 Chang'an (hoje 西安 Xi'an); neste caso, a tristeza do poeta em ficar longe do capital é mais simbólico. Mas não precisa exatidão geográfica nem temporal o poeta de viajens: além de distância, Li Changji volta no tempo à dinastia Han para reforçar a profundidade das suas saudades. O 承明廬 Chengming Lu, ou Cabana de Chengming, foi o lugar onde esperavam os funcionários que queriam uma audiência com o imperador dos Han (李長吉/吳企明, 2012). Li Changji nunca alcançou uma posição tão alta na sua carreira, e aqui ele exprime claramente a resignação num contexto histórico. A referência ao “Senhor de Pingyuan” é mais uma expressão de saudade situada num contexto histórico: o dito senhor, Zhao Sheng 趙胜, foi estadista no período dos Reinos Combatentes, antes da dinastia Han, no estado de Zhao. O desejo do poeta para cumprir os deveres para um soberano, e ao mesmo tempo imaginar uma vida num outro estado (e época!), presumavelmente por falta de cumprimento e fracasso profissional, leva-nos a pensar que Li Changji era bem consciente das suas falhas, e pensava muito no que poderia ter sido, uma vida alternativa.

Seria fácil dizer que Li parece tirar o melhor das suas viagens, ou pelo menos distrair-se por cantar e pensar em voltar para casa, apesar da desilusão e muitos anos longe de terra natal, mas Frodsham assinala que “batendo no punho da espada” significa mais do que o poeta mantendo o ritmo. Feng Xuan 馮諼, um servo do Senhor de Mengchang 孟嘗君 —mais uma referência ao período dos Reinos Combatentes—expressou a insatisfação por cantar para a espada e bater no punho dela (Frodsham, 1983). Sem dúvida Li Changji conheceu esta história, e aqui ele usa-la para exprimir a saudade do viajante, entretanto dando o leitor uma imagem de alguém que talvez está mais contento com a sua sorte do que parece.

A vida maltrata o poeta numa outra maneira no poema “Balada de um Coração Ferido,” no qual Li Changji enfrenta a velhice e a solidão. Porém, aqui o poeta não funde o presente com o passado no grau que fez no outro poema, e em vez de pensar numa vida perdida parece aceitar, embora de má vontade, o seu destino.

傷心行

咽咽學楚吟
病骨傷幽素

秋姿白髮生
木葉啼風雨

燈青蘭膏歇
落照飛蛾舞

古壁生凝塵
羈魂夢中語

Balada de um Coração Ferido

Soluçando, estudando as canções de Chu
doente nos ossos, lamentando uma solidão despida.

Um rosto outonal — os cabelos todos brancos,
uma árvore de folhas que gritam no vento e na chuva.

A luz da lâmpada torna-se azul enquanto o óleo de orquídea se esgota,
no lusco-fusco esvoaçam e dançam as traças.

Nas antigas paredes acumula-se a poeira,
a alma errante fala dentro dos sonhos.


A colecção de poemas do período dos Reinos Combatentes conhecida como as 楚辭, as canções de Chu, era grande influência sobre Li, e faz sentido que ele pensasse nela, sozinho no estúdio, enfrentado pela doença e prematura velhice (lembra-se que Li morreu  aos 26 anos): como todo mundo, nos momentos difíceis ele procura qualquer alívio e significado que pode obter. A solidão e a doença imobilizam o poeta, que tem de conhecer a futilidade de reclamar; mas como a árvore a qual ele se compara, ele recusa de ficar em silêncio, pois é contra a sua natureza. A expressão da miséria não é um grito audível, mas sim um poema em que Li pode traçar a forma da sua saudade.

E é saudade, saudade chinesa, não só lamentação. Ao mesmo tempo que Li sofre amargamente no meio de um estúdio decadente—presumivelmente localizado na casa ancestral—ele faz-nos um quadro em que a decadência não é defeito mas sim a própria  coisa que permite o poeta entender e aceitar o seu sofrimento. Li, como o “fantasma de poesia,”  valoriza muito a dimensão estética de cenas sombrias como estas, e a decrepitude do estúdio reflete o estado do corpo e da alma do poeta. Esta combinação de angústia e apreciação estética dá origem a uma experiência que ultrapassa mera tristeza e, no âmbito poético, torna-se saudade.

Na “Canção de Afastar Aflições, escrita ao pé de Huashan,” Li tenta confrontar o seu fracasso profissional com reflexões na história, bem como o apoio do álcool e um bom conselho, dado por alguém que entende bem as vicissitudes da vida.

開愁歌華下作

秋風吹地百草乾
華容碧影生晚寒


我當二十不得意
一心愁謝如枯蘭

衣如飛鶉馬如狗
臨岐擊劍生銅吼


旗亭下馬解秋衣
請貰宜陽一壺酒

壺中喚天雲不開
白晝萬里閒淒迷

主人勸我養心骨
莫愛俗物相填豗


Canção de Afastar Aflições, escrita ao pé de Huashan

O vento de outono sopra nas ervas brancas e secas
Huashan parece que uma sombra azul-esverdeada, nascida do crepúsculo frio

Aos vinte anos, não atingi o meu objetivo
todo o coração triste, murcho como uma orquídea seca

Minha roupa como plumas de cordoniz, meu cavalo como um cão
chegando a um caminho bifurcado, bato na espada, produzindo um rugido de bronze

No pavilhão de bandeiras, desmonto do cavalo e tiro o manto de outono
na esperança de o empenhar para um jarro de vinho de Yiyang

Dentro do jarro, grito ao céu, mas não se afastam as nuvens
Na branca madrugada, mil li se estendem, frios e obscuros

O taberneiro me encoraja a nutrir o coração e os ossos
e não ressentir-me do clamor do mundo vulgar

Frodsham diz-nos que no 荀子 Xunzi, a antiga colectânea filosófica, há uma referência  a um erudito chamado 子夏 Zixia, que era tão pobre que a roupa parecia a plumagem de cordoniz (Frodsham, 1983) Li Changji, mil anos depois, comisera-se com ele. Procurando alívio de novo, Li está disposto a vender o manto, em pleno outono frio, para comprar vinho. Yiyang, de onde origina o desejado vinho, é o nome antigo do condado onde estava localizada a terra natal do poeta, e podemos ver no desejo dele para um produto familiar uma prova da importância de lugares específicos, especialmente a terra natal. A saudade ocidental também invoca lugares concretos—todo mundo conhece, por exemplo, a importância de Lisboa para o fado, a música que personifica a saudade na imaginação popular—assim como a saudade chinesa. Em ambos os casos, o concreto funde-se com o imaginário, produzindo um efeito fortamente visual, quase irreal, que é uma marca de saudade de qualquer tipo.

 Além das paisagens—mas sempre em relação a eles—as estações do ano desempenham um papel importante na poesia chinesa, com o outono sendo a estação de mudança, perda, e morte, sobrecarregando pessoas com 悲秋, a “tristeza do outono.” Li Changji refere-se à estação várias vezes na sua poesia, e nos exemplos aqui tratados temos um auto-retrato descrito em termos outonais (“Balada de um Coração Ferido”) e uma paisagem de outono, cheio de imagens de decadência natural e pessoal na “Canção de Afastar Aflições.” Neste último poema, o poeta eleva a melancolia e desolação de outono para o nível de saudade através da sobreposição de imagens visuais e sentimentos subtis, alguns dos quais refletem um desejo de libertar-se do mundo material. A “viagem” dentro do jarro de vinho ultrapassa um mero episódio de embriaguez e torna-se uma tentativa de afastar não só a melancolia do poeta, mas a saudade com que a paisagem outonal está carregado. Naturalmente, ele falha suficientemente nesta tarefa que o taberneiro lhe oferece concelhos intemporais sobre o comportamento perante um mundo cruel e grosseiro; tendo em conta a idade do poeta na hora da morte, e a produção contínua de poesia saudadosa até a morte, dir-se-ia que Li Changji não ouviu o dono da cantina.

Temas relacionados à saudade são numerosos na poesia chinesa, e a obra de Li Changji não é excepção. Mas Li, como vemos aqui, contribui para um aprofundamento do conceito pelo uso de imagens e ambientes fora do comum. Outros viajantes ou funcionários de carreira falhada, escrevendo sobre as suas tribulações, poderia fazer referências mais típicas do que Li, que revela em estranheza: falando não apenas de um tempo antigo, mas imaginando-se viajar daquela época para outra; olhando-se como uma árvore esquelética fustigada pelas tempestades; e vivendo numa casa em decadência, no meio de poeira e traças e assombrado por uma alma (魂 hun, que na filosofia chinesa é uma de duas almas, e que pode viajar fora do corpo) que interrompe os sonhos.

No poema “Sonho Oriental,” o poeta português Antero de Quental apresenta ao leitor imagens de uma ilha situada num Oriente mítico, onde o poeta é rei. Sem fazer comparações demasiadas profundas, podemos pensar nisso como análogo ocidental da saudade chinesa de Li Changji. Para Quental, o Oriente simboliza uma vida livre de dores e angústia; Li, que vive no Oriente concreto, idealiza o passado pelas mesmas razões. Para Li, viajar é uma fonte de descontentamento; Quental viaja de bom vontade para a sua ilha imaginária. E o Oriente de Quental está cheio de luxo, enquanto que Li, escrevendo de um estúdio lúgubre, não pensa num mundo imaginário mas fica, mesmo deleita, na melancolia de realidade. Ambos os poetas têm a própria saudade, mas aqui podemos ver que a saudade de Li fica firmamente enraizado no real, apesar de sua reputação pela estranheza.

Este combinação do real e do imaginário ou (im)possível faz parte da saudade, elevando-a além de tristeza ou nostalgia. Estes três poemas de Li Changji representam algumas facetas da saudade como é manifestado não só na poesia chinesa em geral, mas na obra de um dos mais idiossincráticos poetas da dinastia Tang. A poesia de Li mostra-nos a maneira como um sentimento como a saudade pode ser expressado em formas estranhas e desconhecidas, mesmo num meio tipicamente visto como regulamentado e fortamente dependente nas formas e temas poéticas antigas. E assim é ampliado a nossa entendimento da saudade, além de uma emoção ligada somente à língua e cultura portuguesas. Pois se Li Changji pode passar pelos rigores de viagem, as derrotas profissionais, e a sombria realidade de envelhecer, e expremir na sua poesia sentimentos quase idênticos à saudade ocidental que tais desafios da vida incutiu na sua alma, devemos reconhecer que há na poesia da China a saudade, e que o Fantasma de Poesia é uma das vozes dela.


Referências Bibliográficas

Frodsham, J.D. Goddesses, Ghosts, and Demons: The Collected Poems of Li He (Li Changji, 790-816). San Francisco; North Point Press, 1983.

李賀 (autor) e 吳企明 (anotações). 李長吉歌詩編年箋注. Beijing; 中華書局 Zhonghua Shuju, 2012.




Wednesday, September 08, 2021

Jarrelle Barton - 梅酒晚风 Plum Wine Evening Breeze / Zheng

大家好。I was poking around on Bandcamp the other day, looking at what came up under whatever tag came to mind. While browsing the contents of the guzheng tag, I found the 梅酒晚风 Plum Wine Evening Breeze EP by Jarrelle Barton. For those of you unfamiliar with the 古箏 guzheng, it's a classical Chinese stringed instrument, like a zither with 21 or 24 strings, and it produces some of the most beautiful sounds that human ears have the fortune to hear.

I don't think the guzheng is a particularly popular instrument outside of China and other parts of East Asia, so I was pretty stoked to find a dude in Minnesota playing it. What I really dug, though, was the contrast betweene 梅酒晚风 Plum Wine Evening Breeze, a more traditional and quite lovely set of guzheng tunes, and Barton's latest offering, the two-song, 25-minute Zheng, which is more experimental. He's not the only person on Bandcamp doing interesting things with the guzheng—David Sait is also worth listening to—but Zheng is quite striking. Barton describes it as "meditation music on solo zheng," and it could definitely work for that, if meditating to music is your thing. It's not mine, so when I'm doing anything else other than simply listening, I've put on Zheng while reading.

The first song on Zheng ("A hug from the wind, kisses of the sun") is just otherworldly: deep, echoing, melancholy. It is unquestionably in the highest class of evocative music, stirring up traces of something you can't quite put your finger on. You simply have to listen to it. I'd have recommended Barton's work even if I hadn't heard this song, but after I did, I knew I had to write a little something about it.

So enough reading: go listen to Jarrelle Barton, to whom I say 謝謝您.


微臣
史大偉
 


Tuesday, August 31, 2021

Blue Öyster Cult: The Symbol Remains

I've been a huge Blue Öyster Cult fan since the late '90s, when, after repeated viewing of The Stöned Age, I picked up the On Your Feet or on Your Knees double LP from the Half Price Books on FM 1960 and Veterans Memorial, and subsequently all of BÖC's albums, also on vinyl (and CD, in some cases; I even have, thanks to my brother, A Long Day's Night on the frankly bullshit format known as "audio DVD"). I had a BÖC belt buckle until it broke, my wife got me a BÖC shirt that's as old if not older than me, and I've seen them live three times.

But all of these credentials went out the window when I learned, after the fact, that the band had released its first album in almost 20 years. And I don't mean I was a month or two behind the curve; the album in question, The Symbol Remains, came out last goddamned year. In my feeble defense, I don't follow music news like I used to, the last time I visited the BÖC webpage it was pretty stale, and it's not unreasonable to be surprised by a band led by septuagenarians putting out a record in the middle of a pandemic. But my laziness and excuses aren't the issue here; the record is.

Blue Öyster Cult's latter-day (i.e., 1998-present) output is better than you'd expect from a band that basically drifted apart in the '80s after making a few increasingly poppy, but never fully, objectively bad, records. It's a bit heavier here and there, and retains the melodies and that twist of weirdness that makes BÖC what they are. They even managed to write a song as good as, and maybe better than, any from their heyday: "Harvest Moon", from Heaven Forbid, is one of my favorite BÖC songs ever. (Check out the live version on A Long Day's Night.) It's a shame they didn't keep writing new stuff, but on some level, did they really need to? Their setlists from the album-lean, tour-heavy 21st century (BÖC is, after all, "on tour forever") could be slightly predictable, but they pulled enough good, semi-obscure material out of the catalogue to make resting on their laurels more than acceptable.

So the release of The Symbol Remains comes as a welcome surprise. Lyrically, the songwriting meets all your esoteric BÖC expectations, with writer John Shirley, who was responsible for many of the lyrics on their last couple records, returning here, along with Richard Meltzer, who's co-written his fair share of BÖC tunes over the years. Buck Dharma and Eric Bloom sound fantastic; the former's still got the vibe of a nice guy stuck in a disturbing sci-fi dream, and the latter's voice is as gloating and sinister as ever. Musically speaking, even the least interesting tunes on The Symbol Remains are still pretty good, and the really good ones ("Box in My Head", "Nightmare Epiphany", "Edge of the World", and "The Alchemist" stand out) are potential classics, or at least fan favorites, in the making. Especially noteworthy is that my favorite song here, "Edge of the World", is written completely by one of the "new" (read: since 2004) members, Richie Castellano, which goes to show that BÖC is (and always has been, really) more than just Eric Bloom and Buck Dharma. The whole thing comes together exceptionally well, with even the weaker songs playing a role in the ebb and flow of the album.

I don't want to jump the gun and say this is going to be the last Blue Öyster Cult album, because the band might pull a Thomas Pynchon and become uncharacteristically prolific in its later years, but if this is the last record they make, BÖC is going out with a bang. Beyond rightfully popular tunes like "(Don't Fear) The Reaper", BÖC has never really made the impact they should have, despite being, to probably slightly misquote Mike Watt, "the eye at the top of the pyramid." Maybe The Symbol Remains will do something to change that, but even if it doesn't, that's cool. We've gotten 50 years of heavy metal arcana and killer melodies, after all. Not a lot of bands can claim that kind of legacy.







Monday, August 09, 2021

Notes on the 2021 DSA National Convention

 I've been a DSA member for a few years now, but this is the first national convention I've attended. My attendance, like everyone else's this year, was virtual, due to the pandemic, but that was fine by me. I also was not a full delegate, but an alternate for the Houston delegation. Any fears I had before the convention began that I wouldn't get to participate—i.e., vote—were quickly laid to rest, as I ended up subbing in for my comrades on several occasions. Alas, my alternate status precluded me from voting on NPC candidates, though the final lineup contains most of the people I would've voted for.

The convention was run across a number of platforms, which made things clunky at best and a total mess at worst. The pace was slowed by an endless variety of procedural fuckery, with people making motions that did nothing but cause headaches, technical issues that led to (temporarily) missing votes, and what seemed to be last-minute rule changes and different rulings by different chairs—things that couldn't always be fixed by the support staff, who must have been swamped from the get-go. (Thanks for all your hard work to keep things running, comrades.) If you want to get a sense of how things moved, Tempest Magazine has an incomplete report of the convention, complete with blow-by-blow notes on motions and such.

Since I don't really use Twitter, I missed a lot of acrimonious shit-slinging regarding some of the convention's controversial occurrences, namely the credentialing of some delegates and the removal or withdrawal of several NPC candidates. There was also a lot of heated debate about some of the resolutions under consideration, but from what I saw—within the confines of the convention framework, not on Twitter or whatever—it stayed pretty civil.

The issue of internationalism, which revolved around one resolution in particular, was a real sticking point. I don't doubt that the folks who argued in favor of the resolution (and who won the vote to pass it) did so in good faith, and I don't totally disagree with them or the resolution, but I'm a little wary of the potential for the DSA to hitch itself to movements and mass parties overseas that may not share the same values, and/or are little more than state-aligned or ineffective organizations. Thankfully, there's nothing binding in the resolution with regard to action, so I'm happy to wait and see what happens.

As a result of the convention, DSA has a national platform for the first time. It's not perfect, but it's a start. There was also overwhelming support for the Green New Deal and eco-socialism, which to me was the most important thing that came out of the convention. While there's obviously no disentangling politics from the climate crisis, the almost unimaginable weight of the latter exerts such gravitational pull that it takes precedence in a way nothing else under discussion can, and everything ends up being seen through the lens of climate collapse. There's no world to win if there's no world at all.

What else? I had the distinct pleasure of chatting with Nathan Robinson, editor of the superb Current Affairs, via the convention's virtual tabling feature. I wish there had been a better, more permanent way of keeping in touch with people from DSA chapters around the country, but so it goes. I also wish I'd joined my Houston comrades at the firefighters' union hall to attend virtually together, but the current state of COVID-19 infections around here has made me reluctant to spend more time indoors than is necessary.

All in all, despite the issues discussed above, I'm very glad I attended the 2021 DSA National Convention, and that I got to represent my chapter. Will I do it again in 2023, when the high decision-making body of DSA meets again, presumably in person? Maybe. Reading and hearing comrades debate, I got the feeling that DSA is on the cusp of something, but I don't know what, exactly. We're close to 100,000 members, but what does that actually mean for socialist politics in the US? As I mentioned, the climate crisis demands a full-scale revolution in human behavior in the vein of Kim Stanley Robinson's The Ministry for the Future, and I think that extends into how we act politically. Building the DSA into an old-style party won't cut it, and I think a lot of us know it. What we do with that knowledge remains to be seen, and unless there are a lot of stupid mistakes made in the next couple years, I intend on sticking around to find out.

 


Wednesday, August 04, 2021

Ursula K. Le Guin and José Saramago, bloggers extraordinaire

There was a post on Metafilter yesterday noting that Ursula K. Le Guin's blog is available again. I never really read it when she was working on it, but I plan on fixing that. I've been a fan of Le Guin since high school, and the world is a poorer place for her absence. Luckily, she left behind a number of amazing books, and also helped found the National Writers Union, of which I'm a member.

What's especially cool is that Le Guin was inspired to blog by none other than José Saramago, probably the most influential, or at least well-known, Portuguese writer of the last few decades. His blog (in Portuguese, of course), which I was unaware of until now, is full of good material. 

Reading these two writers' blogs makes me want to spend more time on my own. (They also make me miss William Gibson's blog, which appears to be replicating some of the visual digital rot he described in Idoru.) I'm not really working on anything else, aside from some stray translations, and in some ways I'm not really interested in writing fiction at all anymore, so posting random bullshit here should scratch what remains of the writing itch.

 

 

 

 

Tuesday, June 15, 2021

李清照 《貴妃閣春貼子》/ Li Qingzhao: "Spring Greetings Hung Outside the Imperial Consort’s Boudoir"

大家好. I've translated more Judith Teixeira poems, but I'll share those—some of them, at least—soon enough. Right now I want to talk a bit about 李清照 Li Qingzhao, the "Householder of Yi'an" and one of China's foremost poets. You can read more about her on Wikipedia (of course), though I get the feeling that the English-language article doesn't do her justice. I have a collection of her poems published by 中信出版集团 Citic Press that's gorgeous. I bet I'll find more biographical information in there.

Li Qingzhao was born into a literary family (her father was a student of 蘇軾 Su Shi, a famous poet and the fellow whose 號, or artistic name, has been lent to the maybe even more famous dish 東坡肉 Dongpo pork), and married a fellow aficionado of the arts. So, like pretty much every well-known Chinese poet until the 20th century, she's a product of the educated class—a miniscule fraction of the population. That said, she doesn't appear to have had ties to the imperial court, so the poem below was not likely written based on personal experience. I'll come back to this later.

This poem is dense with images unfamiliar to me. Fortunately, I found a site that has some useful notes (in Chinese) on those images, and Baidu has an explanation (also in Chinese) of the difference between 春聯 spring couplets and 春貼子 spring greetings. Basically, the former are pasted up for the lunar new year, whereas the latter were hung within palace precincts for the official start of spring. They may still be in use, but I don't know for sure. According to the notes I linked to above, the 金環 "golden band" was a piece of jewelry worn by imperial concubines who were giving birth (from being in labor to "lying in", broadly speaking), or, somewhat more confusingly, menstruating, which seems to run up against the springtime/birth associations in the poem. 鉤弋 Gouyi and 昭陽 Zhaoyang are imperial residences associated with two different women: 趙倢伃 Zhao Jieyu, a consort of 漢武帝 Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty, and 趙飛燕 Zhao Feiyan, a favorite of 漢成帝 Emperor Cheng of the Han dynasty and later known as 孝成皇后 Empress Xiaocheng. Both residences are supposed to have been quite luxurious. Given the theme of springtime and birth, I've translated these lines as reflecting pregnancies in both palaces.

The 百子帳 "hundred-sons veil" and 萬年觴 "10,000-year goblet" are, respectively, a wedding decoration ("canopy" might be better than "veil") embroidered with frolicking young sons, symbolizing the old maxim 多子多福 "more sons, more happiness"; and a ceremonial goblet used, I think, by the emperor to hold what the source above calls 壽酒 "longevity wine". Interestingly enough, if you look up 壽酒, you get a lot of results for 高粱 gaoliang, a variety of the gnarly sorghum liquor known as 白酒 baijiu.

So here Li Qingzhao has given us a pair of spring greeting couplets. The references within them seem specific to the imperial household context, and the sentiment in keeping with the occasion, so the overall effect is exactly as the title describes. The couplets themselves are pleasantly refined, but what makes this poem interesting is the point of view from which it's written, or, maybe better yet, seen. One on hand, Li can be viewed as assuming the role of the writer of the couplets, a concubine in an imperial residence. On the other hand, it's intriguing to think of Li as viewing the couplets outside the concubine's door and copying them down, possibly for her own enjoyment or for posterity. In this scenario, Li takes the concubine's work as her own, insofar as there's no attribution other than the poem's title itself. This leads to questions about Li's motivation, the concubine who wrote the couplets, and the relationship between the two women. Did they meet and talk? Did Li ask permission to share the couplets, and to do so under her own name and not the author's?

This is all speculation, of course, but hey, it's fun to speculate. While Li Qingzhao did, for at least part of her life, move among society's upper echelons, I don't think she had anything to do with the Emperor and the miniature world that surrounded him, so it's unlikely that this poem is anything but a work of imagination, and not an exercise in plagiarism. Nevertheless, the fact that both readings came to mind so naturally is a testament to Li's skill. I look forward to reading, and translating, more of her work. I hope you enjoy it too, 看官.

微臣
史大偉


-----


貴妃閣春貼子

李清照

 

金環半後禮
鉤弋比昭陽
春生百子帳
喜入萬年觴


Spring Greetings Hung Outside the Imperial Consort’s Boudoir

Li Qingzhao 


The imperial consorts wear the golden band

In Gouyi and Zhaoyang alike

Spring brings a hundred-sons veil

Gladness fills the 10,000-year goblet

 

 


Wednesday, May 26, 2021

Vimala Devi translations in the João Roque Literary Journal

Selma Carvalho at the João Roque Literary Journal has published my translations of three of Vimala Devi's poems: "Agora"/"Nowadays", "Se Eu Pudesse Guardar"/"If I Could Keep", and "Tua Boca Faminta"/"Your Starving Mouth". You can read them here. The poems all come from Devi's first poetry collection, Súria, published in 1962. I've translated it in full with Vimala's blessing, but haven't found a publisher for yet, infelizmente.

I'm very grateful for this opportunity, and I hope everyone enjoys the poems, as well as all the other great writing in the journal. Since its inception four years ago, it's been a beacon of writing by Goans and about Goa, so it's well worth your time.

Abraço,
D.A.S.


Tuesday, May 25, 2021

Permaweird

Greetings, dudes. I've been plugging away lately at my translations of Judith Teixeira, tinkering with a mystery novel, and submitting poems of my own to magazines, so I don't have much to offer you in that regard. 

If you're like me, life during the twilight of the COVID-19 pandemic isn't a whole lot different than it was during its more brutal periods last year. When I say twilight, it's less that the pandemic is fading away— as much as everyone wants it to— than that we're living in a permanent half-light. I'm not as housebound as I was, but there's a heavy psychic weight still bearing down on me and everyone I know.

2020 pulled the waxen death mask off the twitching corpse of American society, only for us to find out that a whole lot of our countrymen consider that death mask an ideal reflection of themselves, and they desperately want to keep looking in the mirror. 2021 feels like we're shoveling dirt on the aforementioned corpse, but the knowledge that it's gonna spring out of the grave sooner or later—probably sooner, given the headlong retreat from democracy across the country— is embedded in our exhausted brains. There doesn't seem to be a break in sight from the struggle against fascism, ecological collapse, and generalized human awfulness. There's also a surreal quality to everything that makes day-to-day life even weirder than it has been. That, too, isn't going away anytime soon, if ever. Things are permaweird now.

As grim and circumscribed as things are, though, life is still here to be lived. While the fight to build a better world is endless and tiring, it can also be rewarding in its own right. And then there's 生死大事, the great matter of life and death, to be wrestled with, which is probably the most important task we have. "What is this?" is a question we have to try and answer in every minute of our existence, even when that existence is a total drag and the last thing we want is radical self-inquiry. 

So I'll keep on truckin', trying to get to the bottom of things and pushing for a freer, less greedy, less delusional world. Reading the work of Rinzai Zen priest Cristina Moon, organizing with the Democratic Socialists of America, and digging through the Autodidact Project will help. And, since weirdness is (and really always has been) the name of the game, you can soundtrack it with the vast back catalogue of Kawabata Makoto or this rad collaboration between thisquietarmy and Voivod's Away. Whatever you do, don't despair. I can't say things are gonna get better, because they probably won't, but there's something to be said for giving it our best shot. After all, we're all on borrowed time, so we'd better use it well.

See y'all soon.




Sunday, April 11, 2021

Judith Teixeira: "Onde Vou?"

I was going to write something about the pandemic, and how the so-called plague poems I wrote last year ended up just becoming regular poems (or vice versa), but I'm exhausted by my body's reaction to the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. It's wild that I, or anyone, has been vaccinated, barely over a year since the shit started hitting the fan.

But more on that later. Here's another draft translation of a Judith Teixeira poem. I plan on spending the rest of the spring and the summer working my way through her books of poetry.

Take care of yourselves, dear readers, and até já.


DAS

Onde Vou?

Onde vou eu, onde vou?
Já nem sei donde parti…
Se eu mesma não sei quem sou!
Achei-me dentro de ti.

Eu fui ninguém que passou,
eu não fui, nunca me vi…
Fui asa que palpitou…
Eu só agora existi.

Negra Dor espavorida
ou saudade dolorida
eu fui talvez no passado…

Sou triste por atavismo…
Não há ontem no cuidado
em que em cuidados me abismo.


Inverno — Hora Ignorada
1922

----- Where am I Going? Where am I going, where? I don’t even know where I started… If I myself don’t know, who does! I found myself within you. I was a passing nobody, I didn’t leave, I never saw myself… I was a beating wing… Only now did I exist.
Maybe in the past I was
Fearful Black Pain or sorrowful longing... I am saddened by atavism… There is no yesterday into the care of which I can hurl myself. Winter — Hour Unknown 1922

Monday, March 08, 2021

Dia Internacional da Mulher/International Women's Day: Judith Teixeira - "Os Meus Cabelos"

In celebration of International Women's Day, here's a translation of Judith Teixeira's "Os Meus Cabelos". As a longhair myself, I really like how Teixeira revels in her locks.

Enjoy, folks. 

Abraço,
DAS

-----

 

"Os Meus Cabelos"

Judith Teixeira


Doirado, fulvo, desmaiado
e vermelho,
tem reflexos de fogo o meu cabelo!
Neste conjunto diverso,
quando me vejo assim, ao espelho,
encontro no meu todo, um ar perverso...

Gosto dos meus cabelos tão doirados!
E enterro com volúpia
os dedos esguios,
por entre os meus fios
d'oiro, desgrenhados,
revoltos e macios!

Fico às vezes a ver-me e a meditar
admirada,
nesse oiro fulvo e estridente
da minha cabeleira desmanchada,
que tão bem sabe exteriorizar,
o meu ser estranho e ardente...

Há sol, outono e inverno,
brilhos metálicos, poente,
a chama do próprio inferno,
no meu cabelo igual ao meu sentir!
— E eu fico largo tempo a contemplar,
a cismar
e a sorrir,
ao meu perfil incoerente
e singular...


Maio — Entardecer
1922

-----

"My Hair"
Judith Teixeira

Golden, tawny, pale,
and red,
there are reflections of fire in my hair!
In this varied assembly,
when I see myself like this in the mirror,
there's an air of perversity to the whole of me.

I like my tresses, so golden!
And I sensuously bury
my slender fingers
among these gilt
strands of mine, unkempt,
wild, and soft!

Sometimes I look at myself and ponder,
admiring
the tawny, brassy gold
of my hair when it's down,
hair that knows so well how to externalize
my strange, fierce being...

In my hair and my feelings alike
there is sunlight, autumn and winter,
metallic glints, sunsets,
the flames of hell itself!
— And I spend a long time contemplating,
brooding over
and smiling at,
my inconsistent and singular
profile...


May — Sunset
1922


Thursday, February 18, 2021

"further intimations of the void"

 

"further intimations of the void"
2.17.21

The dude at the convenience store
perched on the edge
of the darkness that's
swallowed most of the city says

Skor bars have been
selling well today.

Why's that?
Why toffee and chocolate
as Houston freezes to death
and goes without water?

I didn't ask him,
but I should have.

Same reason, probably,
that I bought these two beers
and drank them
back to back.
 
 

Saturday, January 02, 2021

MMXXI

Even before COVID-19 smeared plague across the globe, 2020 was already going to be an especially ugly, desperate year here in America, thanks to the election. As it stands, we—Americans, that is—have collectively limped past the December 31 finish line (an illusory goal if ever there was one), having only barely gotten our shit together enough to vote Donald Trump out after his administration spent the past eleven months doing nothing about a disease that much of the world managed to handle with at least a modicum of common sense and rationality. Hundreds of thousands of Americans have died needlessly, huge swathes of the population are unemployed and/or about to lose their homes, and around the world nation-states (including the US) are starting to rehearse for the next phase of the ongoing and ever-worsening climate crisis, which usually means foregoing the sort of species-wide solidarity we actually need in favor of shoring up artificial borders, dehumanizing outsiders (or insiders who don't meet the criteria of a "real" citizen, a category that grows narrower by the day), and generally doubling down on the us-versus-them mentality that got us here in the first place. 

So yeah, 2020 was been a bullshit year. It was by no means the worst in human history, but that's cold comfort for everyone who suffered, or is still suffering, at its numb, infected hands, and it feels like History (capital H) decided to give us a tightly-scripted preview of what awaits us over the course of the next, I dunno, 50 or 100 years. It ain't pretty, and I am not at all sure that humanity will rise to meet the challenges we've created for ourselves (and every other species on the planet, but it's been pretty well established that we do not give a single fuck about them or anything that stands in the way of making profits and fulfilling the sad-ass failures of imagination that pass for "dreams"). That said, barring a heavy-duty nuclear exchange that renders the whole thing moot—an outcome as possible as it's ever been—I don't think we're straight-up doomed. Shit will get bad in unimaginable ways, but the species will scrape by. Hell, we may even outgrow some of our worst traits. I have no idea. Or, more accurately: I don't know.

Not knowing is one of those skills I'm always honing. Not knowing isn't ignorance, though of course ignorance involves not knowing; not knowing is a refusal—albeit not too militant a refusal, since that leads to its own set of conundrums—to mistake one's one thoughts and feelings for reality. In this case, reality as it'll play out in the future. Forecasting the future is a sucker's game, and like most such games it's sometimes just lucrative enough to make us think it's a worthwhile pursuit. While I like throwing around ideas of what may be coming our way as much as the next dude, I like to think I have a sufficient grasp of how complex the world is, and how unpredictable people and nature can be, to avoid conflating the notions I toss out on IRC or over beers with what's actually going on. But again, I don't know, so I generally avoid prognostication. You're better off consulting the 易經 I Ching/Yi Jing than talking to me.

This blog is entering its 18th year. I still don't really know what I'm doing with it, but I plan on keeping it around. Maybe I'll do more writing and less translating this year. I wouldn't mind sorting out some of my ideas about, say, Buddhism or martial arts, or trying to write more critical album reviews. I may write more in Portuguese. 2021 is still a newborn, though, sticky with afterbirth, so I may let things unfold at their own pace before worrying too much about what exactly is said when The Corpse Speaks.

In the meantime, I'll direct your attention to Erik Davis' new venture, the wide-ranging and always compelling Burning Shore newsletter; the Korinji Rinzai Zen community, home of some deep Zen practice; Herman Melville's marginalia; the Ploughshares Fund, working to rid the world of the threat of nuclear weapons; and the mind-shattering vajra doom hammer that is the music of Neptunian Maximalism.

Happy MMXXI, y'all.

 
微臣
史大偉/D.A.S.